Week 1 Challenge

1) Original Equipment Manufacturer

 

2)Basically the Automotive hierarchy will start from OEM->Tire 1->Tire 2-> and so on 

the design responsibility will be from Tier n to OEM because all the sub-assemblies together make the OEM 

 

3)Tire 4 companies are the companies that provide raw materials and other necessary equipment to create induvidual parts

TATA steels - provide steel to manufacture parts

Britech Industries - Design and manufacture moulds to manufacture parts

 

4)First Car was made on 1886

 

5)Wooden seats were used in first car 

 

6)3D reference system was the axis system that is used to define a location in the automobile. It consists of X-axis in the longitudinal direction of the automobile, a Y-axis along the width of the automobile, and a Z-axis along the height of the automobile

 

7)3D reference system is needed to locate any point, component, or part in the automobile

 

8)X-axis in the longitudinal direction of the automobile. Positive X-axis towards the rear end of the automobile from driver seat 

 

9) The plane of points where one of the co-ordinates "0"

 

10)The intersection point of 3 planes where all co ordinates are zero is called point of origin 

 

11)The point of origin may differ from OEM to OEM. Sometimes it lie on bumper, sometimes it can lie on the roof. 

 

12) Grid lines are formed by intersection of planes located at 100 mm increments parallel to the X-Z, Y-Z and X-Y planes. Grid line are used basically to package and locate objects and spaces in a vehicle Grid lines are also referred as Body Lines.

Work Line are located on individual parts.

Work lines doesn’t generally run parallel to grid line.

 

13) Work lines and grid lines are not interconnected. 

 

14)Body position refers to where a part is located in the vehicle wrt the body 

 

15)When a car comes out of OEM Yard , Seat will be at Body position.

 

16)Centreline is used to divide the car into two equal halves, one which has a positive Y value and other which has a negative y value, thus helping to locate a point or component in space.

 

17) Usually centreline is placed at Center console running vertical to downward position from front bumper to rear bumper.

 

18)The upside of the centreline of the car parallel to the ground is the positive Z direction.

 

19)Right hand side of the driver/ centreline when facing forward in the vehicle is the positive y direction.

 

20) LHD- Left Hand Drive, RHD- Right Hand Drive

 

21) A driver driving a Car in US will be sitting on the left side of Car.

 

22) Driver in US is in Negative Y Direction.

 

23)He will be sitting on the Left side of the car.

 

24) I opened the Door of my car and saw my room keys on center console, so my keys are negative left side against the Door.

 

25) Belt Buckle attached on the Left Side of the Seat.

 

26) The Recliner handle is placed Right side of the seat.

 

27) Inboard/ Outboard is a Reference based system.

 

28) IB: Inboard OB: Outboard

 

29) Going from rear bumper to forward is Fore

 

30) C-Pillar to B – Pillar movement is Fore

 

31) A aft movement of seat is Positive X movement.

 

32) China

 

33) Volkswagon, BMW, Toyota, Hyundai, Daimler, The Suzuki Motor Corporation, Peugeot, Honda, Nissan, Ford, Renault, General Motors, Tesla

 

34) US

35) 

Maruti Suzuki -1293000

Hyundai- 471000

TATA -222000

Kia - 155000

Mahindra – 155000

Toyota- 93000

Renault – 92000

Honda -82000

Ford – 48000

MG- 36000

Volkswagon- 20000

Nissan – 19000

Skoda- 11000

 

36) US, Australia, New Zealand, UAE, Canada

 

37) India, Japan, South Africa, United Kingdom, Bangladesh, Nepal

 

1) 

Eyellipse represents both, the driver’s interior and exterior visibility environment. Eyellipse combine the words eye and ellipse.

Eyellipse is very start or very basic for an automotive car design. In any automotive design, we must take care that the eye of a person, it should not be hindered or obstructed inside the car or any equipment fitted outside the car like dashboard -there should not be any parts on dashboard that obstructs a person eye.

Eyeliipse should be considered in such a way that it allows a person to drive properly or safely and will have a proper visibility zone.

 

Purpose of eyellipse-

Alllow the driver to view oncoming vehicle and objects

Allow to view internal gauges and instrument panel

Allows to view the side of the vehicle and all mirrors without obstruction.

(Possible obstructions are the steering wheel, support pillars in the vehicle , shadow and light disturbance in the cockpit.)

 

Its is important from OEM perspective because it is very important for the occupant to be placed properly in the vehicle to allow for proper vision.

Once an Oem decide to made a car-

Firstly it should place a person in the car

Secondly the OEM should place all other components inside the car in such a way that his eyeliipse is always free and without any obstruction. And he is able to see all the mirrors without obstructions, the view outside of oncoming vehicles and internal gauge and instrument panel.

 

2) 

 

 

 

3) , 4) 

 

5) For a 95 percentile of the drivers population the E-point are spaced at 65mm apart and the P point for the same is space below a normal line drawn from the mideye centroid of the Epoints at a distance of 98 mm.

 

6) For a 95 percentile of the drivers population the E-point are spaced at 65mm apart and the P point for the same is space below a normal line drawn from the mideye centroid of the Epoints at a distance of 98 mm.

 

7)SgRP stands for Seating Reference Point

 

8) A point is determined which represents the pivot point of Oscar torso (backline) and the thigh (thigh line) is called the “Design H-point”.

H-point should match the seat reference point given by the OEM.

9) 

H-point is nothing but same as Seat reference point.

The only difference between H-point and seat reference point is that Seat reference point is used for the OEM’s because they have to define a lot of points and a lot of locations from seat reference point. So usually they define it as seat reference point.

While, a tier 1 supplier who is supplying seat, for him seat reference point is not logical because he doesn’t have the complete car with him and seat is his only component. Therefore, for him seat reference point will not support or fulfil all his requirements.

To avoid any confusion between Oem’s and tier 1, OEM’s provide them with a H-point. Therefore, a tier 1 supplier will use seat reference point as H-point because they don’t have the complete car for reference.

In short, they are not different, only that OEM always use seat reference point while Tier 1 uses H-point.

Basically H-point will be checked from Front mounting or rear mounting or a location within the seat while, seat reference point will be checked from Front Bumper, rear bumper or where the origin co-ordinates of the car are.

 

10) A Heel point is a point of contact of the occupant’s heel with the floor of the vehicle. A heel point for a driver is called as accelerator heel point or for a passenger is called as passenger heel point.

 

11) “Oscar is the name given to the 2D and 3D devices used to define and measure vehicle seating accommodation.”

In Short, Oscar is a 2D or 3D representation of human being. When we replicate a human in machine form it is called as Oscar template or Oscar machine.

 

12) 

Oscar is a 2D or 3D representation of human being. When we replicate a human in machine form it is called as Oscar template or Oscar machine.

The 2D representation is called as Oscar Template or Manikin.

The 3D representation is called as Oscar Machine or Oscar.

 

13) 

The Oscar templet gives the seat designer an approximation of how the vehicle occupant will sit in the seat.

From this approximation, a point is determined that represents the pivot point of Oscar torso (backline) and the thigh (thigh line). This is called the “Design H-point” and should match the seat reference point given by the OEM.

If the designated seating position can be adjusted, the path of the design H-point through the full seat adjustment range establishes the design H-point travel line. The point along the H-point travel called as H-point window.

Once the Oscar is positioned in space according to the OEM packaging drawing requirement, the seat can be designed around the Oscar.

 

14) 

The 3D Oscar machine it allows testing of the design H-point which is calculated using the Oscar templet.

The H-point recorded through Oscar machine testing is called as Actual H-point.

 

15) 

If the designated seating position can be adjusted, the path of the design H-point through the full seat adjustment range establishes the design H-point travel line. The point along the H-point travel called as H-point window.

The H-point window in short means, H-point can lie anywhere within this region.

 

16) 

There are three types of Oscars templet.

• Small Women Type: 104 lbs (represents 5^th percentile of drivers)
• Mid Sized Man: 169 lbs (represents the 50^th percentile of drivers)
• Large Size man: 226 lbs (represent the 95^th percentile of drivers)

17) 

The weight (in kg) of 95% Oscar-

Large Size man: 226 lbs = 102.5 kgs (represent the 95^th percentile of drivers)

 

18) 

The H-point is needed to keep a check on the below three points-

1. With the help of H-point we understand where a person is seating and with the help of which we can initiate the seat design. Seat design has a direct effect on the occupants relationship to other vehicle controls.
2. Careful measurement & testing are required to ensure occupant positioning adheres to OEM specifications among which includes H-point given by OEM, envelope condition given by the OEM.
3. Overtime the H-point shifts because of deterioration of seat, particularly of the foam. Therefore H-point should be known and restricted within the tolerance band to increase the life of the seat.

19) 

The Tolerance of H-point is given using a H-point tolerance band either in circular  form  or square form.

It could be seen that, with time the foam get reduced in thickness. Due to this the h-point would shift and come down, lower and lower accordingly. Because of this, the OEM’s make use of H-point tolerance band. It should be noted that H-point should not extend beyond this zone.

Few OEM’s use tolerance band in a circular form while few OEM’s use H-point tolerance in a square form.

If the H-point extends this tolerance zone we then have to change the vehicle seat.

 

20) The D-point is the lowest point on the buttock contour of the seated Oscar template or Oscar machine in the installed position.

 

21) The full form of AHP is Accelerator Heel Point. Accelerator heel point is used to define the position of the foot with the shoe touching the floor on an un depressed accelerator pedal.  It has a min of 87 deg foot angle.

 

22) 

Access to control is as important as clear field of vision. The occupant must be able to reach the appropriate controls while in driving position or while the car moves.

The reaching distance for a specific driver population is called the Hand Reach Envelope.

 

23) 

There are two types of driver hand controls

• Primary Driver hand control: Wearing lap and shoulder belt in driving position.

It includes steering control, gearshift control, Turn signal control, Ignition control, Audible control, Headlamp Control, Hand Break control, Wiper / Defroster Control.

• Secondary Driver hand controls: Wearing a lap belt

It includes climate control, Radio Control, Accessory Control.

 

24) 

Back Angle: the back angle is the angle of recline of the torso line relative to the vertical.

Cushion Angle: the cushion angle is the angle of incline for the cushion relative to the horizontal.

 

25)

Ischium is lowest of the three major bones comprising each half of the pelvis. It is part of the body that support you when you sit in the seat.

 

26) 

A tail Burn is a condition when an occupant is seated for an extended period of time. Therefore, the cushion should be designed to prevent tail burn.

 

27) 

The lumber region is the lower vertrbrae in the spinal column located between the lowest ribs and the pelvis.

The lumber helps support the back of the occupant.

 

28) 

The Oem is expected to provide with the following basic specifications to be used in seat design-

 

• Seating reference Point
• Foot Angle
• Knee Angle
• Heel Point
• Hip Point
• Back Angle

Apart from this we may require few other details like if the seats move forward and backward, upwards and downwards etc.

 

1) 

There are four main functions of automotive seat-

• Support the occupant
• Position the occupant
• Provide comfort for the occupant
• Protect the occupant.

2)

The seat helps the occupant by providing the necessary support to keep him in the driving position. Providing support to the occupant is the most basic function of the seat. Improper support will adversely affect the position, comfort and safety

 

3) 

The position of the occupant is extremely important for safe vehicle operations. There are three key elements of occupant position-

1. Hand arm and Leg room : These are important for both safety and control of the occupant.
2. Field of Vision :The driver’s field of vision as defined by the eyellipse should have minimal obstruction from steering wheel, instrument panel, roofline, belt line and pillar. The driver should be able to clearly see in all the mirrors while in driving position.
3. Driver’s proximity to hand Control : The occupant must be able to reach appropriate controls while in the driving position.

 

4) The Seat padding (foam) used in the seat if used in an efficient way, it helps eliminate the uneasiness and pain caused due to hard point in the seat. A correct amount of thigh and lumber support makes the seat more comfortable for use.

 

5) 

The Full form of ILD is indentation Load Deflection.

 

ILD is defined as the load required to compress the seat pad to 50% of its original thickness

 

ILD value assess the firmness of a seat.