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Project 1_Comparative study of different storey buildings for Seismic forces

AIM:- To compare:- a) Factors influencing the natural period of buildings for different buildings b) Compare fundamental natural periods of buildings E & F as well as G & H c) Compare fundamental natural periods of buildings H, J and K. Have the buildings become more flexible or stiff due to changes in mass…

ETABS

Sandeep Ghosh
updated on 03 Aug 2022

AIM:- To compare:-

a) Factors influencing the natural period of buildings for different buildings

b) Compare fundamental natural periods of buildings E & F as well as G & H

c) Compare fundamental natural periods of buildings H, J and K. Have the buildings become more flexible or stiff due to changes in mass

d) Fundamentally natural period of buildings A, B, F, and H change with change in building height

e) Fundamental natural period of buildings B, Cand D with change in column orientation

INTRODUCTION: Natural periods of buildings greatly affect the overall performance of buildings. To study this we are going to illustrate various types of buildings to study their dynamic characteristics of buildings by changing their column orientation, mass, and building height with the help of computational advanced analysis software ETABS.

PROCEDURE:

1. Building A

Open ETABS software
Open a new building model
Create a building model

Define material properties

Click add new material

Define frame properties

Select add new properties

Specify the frame section property
Define beam size as depth 400 mm and width 300 mm
Select M30

Select design type as M3
Select longitudinal bars and confinement bars as HYSD 415

Define column size as depth 400 mm and width 400 mm
Select M30

Select design type as P-M2-M3
Select longitudinal bars and confinement bars as HYSD 415

Delete multiple selected frame properties

Define slab properties

Select add a new property
Define property name as S1 (150)
Select modeling type as membrane
Specify the thickness of the slab as 150 mm

Draw the columns, slabs, and beams by using quick properties tools

Assign support specifications as pinned one

Go to Define load patterns
Assign add new load as dead load, live load, wall loads, and earthquake loads acting in x and y direction

Select modify lateral load for EQ(x) and EQ(y)

Check load cases

Define mass source data
Define dead load as 100 percent, live load as 25 percent, and wall load as 100 percent according to IS code 1893: 2016 as per clause no 6.4.3.1

Define load combinations as concrete frame design

Assign the loads as wall loads for beams and live loads for slabs

Select diaphragm assignment

Now the model has been checked

Run Analysis

2. Building B

Open ETABS software
Open a new building model
Create a building model

Define material properties

Define frame properties

Select from property type as rectangular

Define column design type as P-M2-M3
Define the column type dimension as 400 mm width and 400 mm depth
Select longitudinal bars and confinement bars as HYSD 415

Define the beam dimension as 400 mm depth and width of 300 mm
Define beam design type as M3

Delete multiple selected frame properties

Define slab property
Define slab material as M30
Define modeling type as membrane
Specify the thickness of the slab as 150 mm

Draw the columns, slabs, and beams by using quick properties tools

Assign support specifications as pinned one

Go to Define load pattern
Assign dead load, live load, wall loads, and earthquake loads to act in x and y direction

Click on modify lateral load to define its load pattern for earthquake load acting in x and y direction

Check the load cases

Define load combinations

Select concrete frame design

Define mass source

Assign the loads as wall loads for beams and live loads for slabs

Select diaphragm assignment

Check the model
Select all frame assignments

Now the model has been checked

Run Analysis

3. Building C

Open ETABS software
Open a new building model
Create a building model

Add the existing story height to 2 from the existing story level

Define material properties

Add new material as M30 for concrete and HYSD 415 for rebar

Define frame section property for beams and columns
Specify the depth and width of the beam as 400 mm and 300 mm

Select beam design type as M3
Select longitudinal and confinement bars as HYSD 415

Specify the depth and width of the column as 550 mm and 300 mm

Define slab property
Specify slab material as M30
Define modeling type as membrane
Specify the thickness of the slab as 150 mm

Draw the columns, slabs, and beams by using quick properties tools

Assign support specifications as pinned one

Go to Define load pattern
Assign dead load, live load, wall loads, and earthquake loads to act in x and y direction

Click on modify lateral load to define its load pattern for earthquake load acting in x and y direction

Check the load cases

Define mass sources

Define diaphragm

Assign the loads as wall loads for beams and live loads for slabs

Check the model
Select all frame assignments

Now the model has been checked

4. Building D

Open ETABS software
Open a new building model
Create a building model

Add the existing story height to 2 from the existing story level

Define material properties

Add new material as M30 for concrete and HYSD 415 for rebar

Define frame section property for beams and columns
Specify the depth and width of the beam as 400 mm and 300 mm

Select beam design type as M3
Select longitudinal and confinement bars as HYSD 415

Specify the depth and width of the column as 550 mm and 300 mm

Define slab property
Specify slab material as M30
Define modeling type as membrane
Specify the thickness of the slab as 150 mm

Draw the columns, slabs, and beams by using quick properties tools

Assign support specifications as pinned one

Go to Define load pattern
Assign dead load, live load, wall loads, and earthquake loads to act in x and y direction

Click on modify lateral load to define its load pattern for earthquake load acting in x and y direction

Check the load cases

Define mass sources

Define diaphragm

Change the orientation of the local axis
Rotate by angle 90 degree

Check the model

Now the model has been checked

Run the analysis

5. Building E

Open ETABS software
Open a new building model
Create a building model

Define material properties

Select frame properties
Select add new properties

Select the section type as rectangular one
Specify the depth and width of the beam as 400 mm and 300 mm
Select the design type as M3 type only
Specify the longitudinal and confinement bars as HYSD 415

Again specify the depth and width of the column as 600 mm for the bottom 5 storeys

Again specify the depth and width of the column as 400 mm for the upper 5 storeys

Select and delete the multiple frame properties

Define slab property
Select slab material as M30
Specify the thickness of the slab as 150 mm
Select modeling type as membrane one

Using quick property tools to draw the columns (600*600) at specified grid lines for the bottom 5 storeys

Similarly using quick property tools to draw the columns (400*400) at specified grid lines for the upper 5 storeys
Using quick property tools to draw the beams (400*300) for all storeys.

Using quick property tools to draw the slabs for all selected levels

Assign support specifications as pinned one

Go to Define load pattern
Assign dead load, live load, wall loads, and earthquake loads to act in x and y direction

Click on modify lateral load to define its load pattern for earthquake load acting in x and y direction

Check the load cases

Define load combinations

Select concrete frame design

Define mass sources
- Define diaphragm

Assign the loads as wall loads for beams and live loads for slabs

Check the model

Now the model has been checked

Run an analysis

6. Building F

Open ETABS software
Open a new building model
Create a building model

Define material properties

Select frame properties
Select add new properties

Select the section type as rectangular one
Specify the depth and width of the beam as 400 mm and 300 mm
Select the design type as M3 type only
Specify the longitudinal and confinement bars as HYSD 415

Again specify the depth and width of the column as 600 mm for all storeya

Select and delete the multiple frame properties

Define slab property
Select slab material as M30
Specify the thickness of the slab as 150 mm
Select modeling type as membrane one

Using quick property tools to draw the columns (600*600) at specified grid lines for all storeys
Using quick property tools to draw the beams (400*300) for all storeys.

Using quick property tools to draw the slabs for all selected levels

Assign support specifications as pinned one

Go to Define load pattern
Assign dead load, live load, wall loads, and earthquake loads to act in x and y direction

Click on modify lateral load to define its load pattern for earthquake load acting in x and y direction

Check the load cases

Define load combinations

Select concrete frame design

Define mass sources
- Define diaphragm
Assign the loads as wall loads for beams and live loads for slabs

Check the model

Now the model has been checked

Run an analysis

7. Building F

Open ETABS software
Open a new building model
Create a building model

Define material properties

Select frame properties
Select add new properties

Select the section type as rectangular one
Specify the depth and width of the beam as 400 mm and 300 mm
Select the design type as M3 type only
Specify the longitudinal and confinement bars as HYSD 415

Again specify the depth and width of the column as 400 mm for upper 5 storeys

Again specify the depth and width of the column as 600 mm for middle 10 storeys

Again specify the depth and width of the column as 800 mm for the bottom 10 storeys

Define slab property
Select slab material as M30
Specify the thickness of the slab as 150 mm
Select modeling type as membrane one

Using quick property tools to draw the columns for similar storeys
Using quick property tools to draw the beams (400*300) for all storeys.
Using quick property tools to draw the slabs for all selected levels

Assign support specifications as pinned one

Go to Define load pattern
Assign dead load, live load, wall loads, and earthquake loads to act in x and y direction

Click on modify lateral load to define its load pattern for earthquake load acting in x and y direction

Check the load cases

Define load combinations

Select concrete frame design

Define mass sources
- Define diaphragm
Assign the loads as wall loads for beams and live loads for slabs

Check the model

Now the model has been checked

Run analysis

Open ETABS software
Open a new building model
Create a building model

Define material properties

Select frame properties
Select add new properties

Select the section type as rectangular one
Specify the depth and width of the beam as 400 mm and 300 mm
Select the design type as M3 type only
Specify the longitudinal and confinement bars as HYSD 415

Again specify the depth and width of the column as 800 mm for all 25 storeys

Define slab property
Select slab material as M30
Specify the thickness of the slab as 150 mm
Select modeling type as membrane one

Using quick property tools to draw the columns (800*800) for all storeys
Using quick property tools to draw the beams (400*300) for all storeys.
Using quick property tools to draw the slabs for all selected levels

Assign support specifications as pinned one

Go to Define load pattern
Assign dead load, live load, wall loads, and earthquake loads to act in x and y direction

Click on modify lateral load to define its load pattern for earthquake load acting in x and y direction

Check the load cases

Define load combinations

Select concrete frame design

Define mass sources

Define diaphragm assignmenet

Assign the loads as wall loads for beams and live loads for slabs

Check the model

Now the model has been checked

Run analysis

Open ETABS software
Open a new building model
Create a building model

Define material properties

Select frame properties
Select add new properties

Select the section type as rectangular one
Specify the depth and width of the beam as 400 mm and 300 mm
Select the design type as M3 type only
Specify the longitudinal and confinement bars as HYSD 415

Again specify the depth and width of the column as 800 mm for all 25 storeys

Define slab property
Select slab material as M30
Specify the thickness of the slab as 150 mm
Select modeling type as membrane one

Using quick property tools to draw the columns (800*800) for all storeys
Using quick property tools to draw the beams (400*300) for all storeys.
Using quick property tools to draw the slabs for all selected levels

Assign support specifications as pinned one

Go to Define load pattern
Assign dead load, live load, wall loads, and earthquake loads to act in x and y direction

Click on modify lateral load to define its load pattern for earthquake load acting in x and y direction

Check the load cases

Define load combinations

Select concrete frame design

Define mass sources

In case of mass source take the live load as 0.50

Define diaphragm assignmenet

Assign the loads as wall loads for beams and live loads for slabs

Add 10% of the imposed load

Check the model

Now the model has been checked

Run the analysis

10.

Open ETABS software
Open a new building model
Create a building model

Define material properties

Select frame properties
Select add new properties

Select the section type as rectangular one
Specify the depth and width of the beam as 400 mm and 300 mm
Select the design type as M3 type only
Specify the longitudinal and confinement bars as HYSD 415

Again specify the depth and width of the column as 800 mm for all 25 storeys

Define slab property
Select slab material as M30
Specify the thickness of the slab as 150 mm
Select modeling type as membrane one

Using quick property tools to draw the columns (800*800) for all storeys
Using quick property tools to draw the beams (400*300) for all storeys.
Using quick property tools to draw the slabs for all selected levels

Assign support specifications as pinned one

Go to Define load pattern
Assign dead load, live load, wall loads, and earthquake loads to act in x and y direction

Click on modify lateral load to define its load pattern for earthquake load acting in x and y direction

Check the load cases

Define load combinations

Select concrete frame design

Define mass sources

In case of mass source take the live load as 0.50

Define diaphragm assignmenet

Assign the loads as wall loads for beams and live loads for slabs

Add 20% of the imposed load

Check the model

Now the model has been checked

Run the analysis

RESULT:

1. Model response for Building A

2. Model response for Building B

3. Model response for building C

4. Model response for building D

5. Model response for Building E

6. Model response for Building F

7. Model response for building G

8. Model response for building H

9. Building response for building J

10. Model response for building K

a) Effect of stiffness on building E and F as well as G and H

Building E

Building F

As we have seen in the figure, there is a change in the natural frequency due to nonuniformity

FThe fundamentalnatural period of building E = 1.731 s

The fundamental natural period of building F = 1.735 s

Building G

Building H

Fundamental natural period of building G = 3.439 s

The fundamental natural period of building H = 4.416 s

Building G reduces its natural frequencies due to the uneven distribution of column sizes from base to bottom which is not ihe case with Building H

b) Effect of mass on buildings H,J and K

Building H

Building J

Building K

Fundamental natural period of building H = 4.416 s

Fundamental natural period of building J = 4.529 s

The fundamentalatural period of building K = 4.548 s

From the above results ,it has been concluded that the fundamental natural period increases with the overall mass of the building i.e. increase the live load of the building

c) Effect of building height on A,B, F and H

Building A

Height of the building A = 7.5 m

Fundamental natural period of the building = 0.448 s

Building B

Height of the building B = 16.5 m

Fundamental natural period of the building = 0.971 s

Building F

Height of the building F = 31.5 m

Fundamental natural period of the building = 1.735 s

Building H

Height of the building H = 76.5 m

Fundamental natural period of the building = 4.416 s

As we can see from above analysis and results it has been found that natural period of the building increases with the increase in height of the building

d) Effect of column orientation on buildings B,C and D

Building B

Since the moment of inertia of section remains the same so their won't be any change in fundamental natuarl period of the building

Building C

Building D

From the above results it has been concluded that the natural period of the building decrease as soon as we change in the column orientation because of the change of the neutral axis of the cross section of the column.

f) Effect of Flexural Stiffness of Structural Elements on mode shapes

Building B