Fender Design - Wheel Arch Challenge

Aim:-This project is proposed to calculate fender wheel arch gap at the required points and check wheather the car passes the European Standard or Not.

Theory :-

Fender :-

• It is a part of the vehicle Body that cover the wheel as well as wheel well.
• It's primary purpose is to prevent sand,mud,Rocks,Liquids and other Road spray for being thrown into the air by the Rotating tire.
• When vehicle is moving ,Tires pick up stones and other and hurl them in all Direction.
• It also prevent any injuries to pedestrains when motion of these particles(mud,Rocks etc).

Wheel Arch :-

• The wheel arch is the curved part positioned above the wheel of a vehicle.
• The most important body change was that the front wheel arch was cut higher into the fender.
• Different countries have different wheel arch regulations in place, and the wheel arch design has to comply with them to be consider, usable in that country.
• For avoiding design alterations of the same vehicle to meet the different regulations in different countries, the maximum values of the concerned regulation parameters are taken into consideration for design purpose.

What is wheel arch gap ?

• It is the gap between fender outer edage to the outer edage of the wheel.
• This gap is different in different countries , but mostly only three regulation now in market these are Japan wheel arch regulation ,European wheel arch regulationand USA regulation.

wheel arch Regulation :-

Japan Regulationb:-

• The clearance ‘L’ for tire, hub, cap and fender is to be measured within area K and create clearance check chart to validate
• The value of L should be greater than 5mm at all positions
• Wheel guard requirement: The value of ‘a’ should be more than 5mm at line 30° forward and 50° rearwards from the central vertical axis of the wheel.

USA Regulation :-

• Clearance ‘L’ is to be checked at all positions from -100° to 100° and create clearance check chart to validate.
• The value of L should be greater than 5mm to satisfy the regulations.
• Wheel guard requirement: The value of ‘a’ should be more than 5mm at line 30° forward and 50° rearwards from the central vertical axis of the wheel

European Regulation :-

• The Clearance ‘L’ should be measured at sections SA-SA, SB-SB, SC-SC, SD-SD and SE-SE and create clearance check chart to validate
• At all the five sections the value of L should be greater than 10mm to satisfy the European Regulations
• Wheel guard requirement: The value of ‘a’ should be more than 5mm at line 30° forward and 50° rearwards from the central vertical axis of the wheel

Calculation of the Wheel Arch Gap according to the European Regulation :-

• For calculation of clearance between Wheel Arch and Wheel we have to create a sketch on the outer most face of the wheel And follow the given below procedure

  • First create a Datum Plane at the outermost face of the wheel.
  • Then make sure that the sketchshoud be created on the new Datum Plane.
  • create a centre point of the given wheel.
  • A Horizontal line is drawn across the centre of the wheel.
  • A perpendicular line SA is drawn at the centre of the wheel.
  • Two lines SB and SC are created at 30°anti-clockwise direction of SA and 50°at clockwise direction of SA respectively.
  • take a offset of 150 mm of horizontal line and pick the point where the line across the wheel arch outer edage line.
  • drawn a line from given centre point to the wheel to across the point which is created by offset of horizontal line and wheel arch outer edage line and give the name as SE.
  • Another line SD is drawn from the centre of the wheel and in the middle of lines SC and SE.
  • now project all the point on the wheel arch area and take all the measurement and check it valid for European Regulation or Not.

Sketch :-

Obtaining the clearance L at the designated 5 points :-

• The clearance distance 'L' is calculated at points SA-SA, SB-SB, SC-SC, SD-SD and SE-SE, which should be greater than or equal to 10mm.

I- Clearance 'L' at the SA-SA

Here clearance "L" value is 9.95mm so it is failed to satisfy European Regulation.

II- Clearance "L" at the SB-SB

Here clearance "L" value is 10mm so it is satisfy European Regulation.

III- Clearance "L" at the SC-SC

• Here clearance "L" value comes negative because the outer edage of the wheel comes oustside of the fender arch area edage and the value is -0.1139 mm so it is Not satisfy European Regulation.

IV- Clearance "L" at the SD-SD

• Here clearance "L" value comes negative because the outer edage of the wheel comes oustside of the fender arch area edage and the value is -2.88 mm so it is Not satisfy European Regulation.

IV- Clearance "L" at the SE-SE

• Here clearance "L" value comes negative because the outer edage of the wheel comes oustside of the fender arch area edage and the value is -6.0 mm so it is Not satisfy European Regulation.

Measuring the clearance vlaue'a' for Wheel Guard Requirement :-

i-Clearance value "a"on the line SB which is 30° in anti-clockwise direction from the vertical line SA.

• here value of "a" is 49.6 mm so it is satisfy the European Regulation because this value shall be more than 5 mm.

II-Clearance value "a"on the line SC which is 50° in clockwise direction from the vertical line SA.

• here value of "a" is 43.36 mm so it is satisfy the European Regulation because this value shall be more than 5 mm.

Conclusion :-

SECTION	L(>=10 mm)	RESULT	a(>5mm)	RESULT
SA-SA	9.95 mm	FAIL
SB-SB	10.00 mm	Pass	48.64 mm	Pass
SC-SC	-0.1139 mm	FAIL	43.35 mm	Pass
SD-SD	-2.88 mm	FAIL
SE-SE	-6.00	FAIL

• From the above results we can conclude that the Fender does not pass the European Regulations, as the minimum clearance L between the Fennder Wheel Arch and Wheel for vehicle and pedestrian safety is 10mm and this design does not valid as per the requirement.