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Creation of geometries by Coordinate system methods using AutoCad

Aim: To create the geometrics using all the coordinate system methods from the line tool in AutoCAD and to create civil related drawing using the tools in AutoCAD. Introduction: AutoCAD was derived from a program that began in 1977, and then released in 1979 called interCAD, also referred to in early Autodesk documents…

Seethal Sharma
updated on 16 Feb 2021

Aim:

To create the geometrics using all the coordinate system methods from the line tool in AutoCAD and to create civil related drawing using the tools in AutoCAD.

Introduction:

AutoCAD was derived from a program that began in 1977, and then released in 1979 called interCAD, also referred to in early Autodesk documents as MicroCAD,which was written prior to Autodesk's (then marinchip software partnera) formation by Autodesk cofounder Micheal Riddle. The first version of AutoCAD was demonstrated at 1982 Comdex and released that december. AutoCAD supported CP/M-80 computers. As AutoCAD's flagship product by March 986, AutoCAD had become the most ubiquitous CAD program worldwide.
The fundamenta purpose of AutoCAD is to create lines, arcs, circle and other geometric shapes that are necessary for the phase of producing clean drawings that are free from errors.
The line tool in AutoCAD create straight line segments. With line, a series of lines that are parallel, collinear, intersecting and more can be made. Every line segment that is created usimg this tool can be later edited separately.
Different coordinate systems used are:
- Absolute coodinate system - All the points are taken with respect to origin.
- Relative coordinate system - The points are taken with respect to the last point.
  - Relative rectangular coordinate system
  - Relative polar coodinate system
- Direct distance entry

Procedure:

Initially set the template(Imperial) and units(decimal).
- Type startup in the command line and then insert the values 1. Then go to applicataion menu--> select new--> then a dialogue box appears, that is create drawing, to start from scratch.
- In this dialogue box, initially set the default settings as imperial and in the advanced set up choose the units as decimal.
To draw a line: always follow the command while drawing a line.
- Ribbon-->Home-->Draw panel-->Line.
- Toolbar-->Draw-->Line.
- Menu bar-->Draw-->Line.
- Tool pallettes->Draw-->Line.
- Command-->Line or L

Drawing a line using different coordinates:

- P1

Absolute coordinate system: Here, all the points are taken with respect to the origin.

Choose line tool.
Line specify the first point: (2,1)
Line specify the next point: (8,1)

Line specify the next point: (8,2)
Line specify the next point: (3,2)
Line specify the next point: (3,7)
Line specify the next point: (8,7)

Line specify the next point: (8,8)
Line specify the next point: (2,8)
Line specify the next point: C (to close the image)

Relative coordinate system:

Relative rectangular coordinate system: Here using the symbol @ shifts the coordinates(origin) from (0,0) to previous last point. In this method if we have to move to left or downwards we have to use negative sign in x and y axis respectively.
- Choose line tool
- Line specify first point: (2,1) (start point)
- Line specify next point: @6,0
- Line specify next point: @0,1

Line specify next point: @-5,0
Line specify next point: @0,4
Line specify next point: @5,0
Line specify next point: @0,1

Line specify next point: @5,0
Line specify next point: @0,1
Line specify next point: @-6,0
Line specify next point: C

Relative polar coordinate system:(@N<D ,where N is the length of the line and D is the orientation of the line)
- Choose the line tool.
- Line specify the first point: (2,1)
- Line specify the next point: @6<0
- Line specify the next point: @1<90
- Line specify the next point: @8<180

Line specify the next point: @4<90
Line specify the next point: @5<0
Line specify the next point: @1<90

Line specify the next point: @6<180
Line specify the next point: C

Direct distance entry:

Choose the line tool.
Line specify the first point : Start point (2,1)
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 6.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 1.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 5.

- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 4.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 5.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 1.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 6.
- Specify the next point: C

Absolute coordinate system: Here, all the points are taken with respect to the origin.

Choose line tool.
Line specify the first point: (2,1)
Line specify the next point: (5,1)
Line specify the next point: (5,5)

Line specify the next point: (6,5)
Line specify the next point: (6,1)
Line specify the next point: (9,1)
Line specify the next point: (7,8)

Line specify the next point: (4,8)
Line specify the next point: C (to close the image)

Relative coordinate system:

Relative rectangular coordinate system: Here using the symbol @ shifts the coordinates(origin) from (0,0) to previous last point.In this method if we have to move to left or downwards we have to use negative sign in x and y axis respectively.
- Choose line tool
- Line specify first point: (2,1) (start point)
- Line specify next point: @3,0
- Line specify next point: @0,4

Line specify next point: @1,0
Line specify next point: @0,-4
Line specify next point: @3,0

Line specify next point: @-2,7
Line specify next point: @-3,0
Line specify next point: C

Relative polar coordinate system: (@N<D ,where N is the length of the line and D is the orientation of the line)
- Choose the line tool.
- Line specify the first point: (2,1)
- Line specify the next point: @3<0
- Line specify the next point: @4<90
- Line specify the next point: @1<0

Line specify the next point: @4<270
Line specify the next point: @3<0
Line specify the next point: @7.28<105.9454 (Length = $\sqrt{7^{2} + 2^{2}}$ $sqrt(7^2+2^2)$ =7.28; and orientation = 180- $\tan^{- 1} (\frac{7}{2})$ $tan^-1(7/2)$ = 105.9454)

Line specify the next point: @3<180
Line specify the next point: C

Direct distance entry:

Choose the line tool.
Line specify the first point : Start point (2,1)
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 3.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 4.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 1.

Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 4.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 3.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 7.28.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 3.

Specify the next point: C

- P3

Absolute coordinate system: Here, all the points are taken with respect to the origin.

Choose line tool.
Line specify the first point: (2,1)
Line specify the next point: (3,1)
Line specify the next point: (3,5)

Line specify the next point: (5,3)
Line specify the next point: (7,5)
Line specify the next point: (7,1)

Line specify the next point: (8,1)
Line specify the next point: (8,8)
Line specify the next point: (7,8)

Line specify the next point: (5,5)
Line specify the next point: (3,8)
Line specify the next point: (2,8)
Line specify the next point: C (to close the image)

Relative coordinate system:

Relative rectangular coordinate system: Here using the symbol @ shifts the coordinates(origin) from (0,0) to previous last point.In this method if we have to move to left or downwards we have to use negative sign in x and y axis respectively.
- Choose line tool
- Line specify first point: (2,1) (start point)
- Line specify next point: @1,0
- Line specify next point: @0,4

Line specify next point: @2,-2
Line specify next point: @2,2
Line specify next point: @0,-4

Line specify next point: @1,0
Line specify next point: @0,7
Line specify next point: @-1,0

Line specify next point: @-2,-3
Line specify next point: @-2,3
Line specify next point: @-1,0
Line specify next point: C

Relative polar coordinate system: (@N<D ,where N is the length of the line and D is the orientation of the line)
- Choose the line tool.
- Line specify the first point: (2,1)
- Line specify the next point: @1<0
- Line specify the next point: @4<90

Line specify the next point: @2.828<315
Line specify the next point: @2.828<45
Line specify the next point: @4<270

Line specify the next point: @1<0
Line specify the next point: @7<90

Line specify the next point: @1<180
Line specify the next point: @3.605<236.309
Line specify the next point: @3.605<123.69
Line specify the next point: @1<180
Line specify the next point: C

Direct distance entry:

Choose the line tool.
Line specify the first point : Start point (2,1)
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 1.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 4.

Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 2.828.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 2.828.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 4.

Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 1.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 7.

Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 1.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 3.605.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 3.605.

Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 1.
Specify the next point: C

Absolute coordinate system: Here, all the points are taken with respect to the origin.

Choose line tool.
Line specify the first point: (2,1)
Line specify the next point: (3,1)
Line specify the next point: (3,8)

Line specify the next point: (8,8)
Line specify the next point: (8,2)
Line specify the next point: (5,2)
Line specify the next point: (5,1)

Line specify the next point: (9,1)
Line specify the next point: (9,9)
Line specify the next point: (2,9)
Line specify the next point: C

Relative coordinate system:

Relative rectangular coordinate system: Here using the symbol @ shifts the coordinates(origin) from (0,0) to previous last point.In this method if we have to move to left or downwards we have to use negative sign in x and y axis respectively.
- Choose line tool
- Line specify first point: (2,1) (start point)
- Line specify next point: @1,0
- Line specify next point: @0,7

Line specify next point: @5,0
Line specify next point: @0,-6
Line specify next point: @-3,0

Line specify next point: @0,-1
Line specify next point: @4,0
Line specify next point: @0,8

Line specify next point: @-7,0
Line specify next point: C

Relative polar coordinate system: (@N<D ,where N is the length of the line and D is the orientation of the line)
- Choose the line tool.
- Line specify the first point: (2,1)
- Line specify the next point: @1<0
- Line specify the next point: @7<90

Line specify the next point: @5<0
Line specify the next point: @6<270
Line specify the next point: @3<180
Line specify the next point: @1<270

Line specify the next point: @4<0
Line specify the next point: @8<90
Line specify the next point: @7<180
Line specify the next point: C

Direct distance entry:

Choose the line tool.
Line specify the first point : Start point (2,1)
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 1.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 7.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 5.

Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 6.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 3.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 1.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 4.

Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 8.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 7.
Specify the next point: C

Absolute coordinate system: Here, all the points are taken with respect to the origin.

Choose line tool.
Line specify the first point: (2,1)
Line specify the next point: (10,1)
Line specify the next point: (10,7)

- Line specify the next point: (2,7)
- Line specify the next point: C

- Again choose line command.
- Line specify the first point: (3,2)
- Line specify the next point: (5,2)
- Line specify the next point: (5,5)

- Line specify the next point: (3,5)
- Line specify the next point: C

- Again choose line command.
- Line specify the first point: (6,2)
- Line specify the first point: (8,2)
- Line specify the first point: (8,5)

- Line specify the first point: (6,5)
- Line specify the next point: C

Relative coordinate system:
- Relative rectangular coordinate system: Here using the symbol @ shifts the coordinates(origin) from (0,0) to previous last point.In this method if we have to move to left or downwards we have to use negative sign in x and y axis respectively.
  - Choose line tool
  - Line specify first point: (2,1) (start point)
  - Line specify next point: @8,0
  - Line specify next point: @0,6

Line specify next point: @-8,0
Line specify next point: C

Again choose line command.
Line specify first point : 3,2
Line specify next point: @2,0
Line specify next point: @0,3

Line specify next point: @-2,0
Line specify next point: C

Again choose line command.
Line specify first point : 6,2
Line specify next point: @2,0
Line specify next point: @0,3

Line specify next point: @-2,0
Line specify next point: C

- Relative polar coordinate system: (@N
- Choose the line tool.
- Line specify the first point: (2,1)
- Line specify the next point: @8<0
- Line specify the next point: @6<90

Line specify the next point: @8<180
Line specify the next point: C

Again choose line command
Line specify the first point: 3,2
Line specify the next point: @2<0
Line specify the next point: @3<90

Line specify the next point: @2<180
Line specify the next point: C

Again choose the line command
Line specify the first point: 6,2
Line specify the next point: @2<0
Line specify the next point: @3<90

Line specify the next point: @2<180
Line specify the next point: C

Direct distance entry:
- Choose the line tool.
- Line specify the first point : Start point (2,1)
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 8.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 6.

Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 8.
Specify the next point:C.

Again choose line command.
Specify the first point: 3,2
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 2.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 3.

Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 2.
Specify the next point: C

Again choose the line command.
Specify the first point: 6,2
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 2.
Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 3.

Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 2.
Specify the next point: C

Absolute coordinate system: Here, all the points are taken with respect to the origin.
- Choose line tool.
- Line specify the first point: (0,0)
- Line specify the next point: (10,0)
- Line specify the next point: (10,2)

- Line specify the next point: (6,2)
- Line specify the next point: (6,6)
- Line specify the next point: (9,6)
- Line specify the next point: (9,8)

- Line specify the next point: (1,8)
- Line specify the next point: (1,6)
- Line specify the next point: (4,6)
- Line specify the next point: (4,2)
- Line specify the next point: C (to close the image)

- Line specify the next point: (0,2)
- Line specify the next point: C (to close the image)

Relative coordinate system:
- Relative rectangular coordinate system: Here using the symbol @ shifts the coordinates(origin) from (0,0) to previous last point. In this method if we have to move to left or downwards we have to use negative sign in x and y axis respectively.
  - Choose line tool
  - Line specify first point: (0,0) (start point)
  - Line specify next point: @10,0
  - Line specify next point: @0,2

Line specify next point: @-4,0
Line specify next point: @0,4
Line specify next point: @3,0

Line specify next point: @0,2
Line specify next point: @-8,0
Line specify next point: @0,-2
Line specify next point: @3,0

Line specify next point: @-6,0
Line specify next point: @0,-4
Line specify next point: @-4,0
Line specify next point: @0,-2

- Relative polar coordinate system:(@N
- Choose the line tool.
- Line specify the first point: (0,0)
- Line specify the next point: @10<0
- Line specify the next point: @2<90

Line specify the next point: @4<180
Line specify the next point: @4<90
Line specify the next point: @3<0
Line specify the next point: @2<90

Line specify the next point: @8<180
Line specify the next point: @2<270
Line specify the next point: @3<0
Line specify the next point: @4<270
Line specify the next point: C

Line specify the next point: @4<180
Line specify the next point: C

Direct distance entry:
- Choose the line tool.
- Line specify the first point : Start point (0,0)
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 10.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 2.

- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 4.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 4.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 3.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 2.

- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 8.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 2.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 3.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 4.

- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 4.
- Specify the next point: C

Absolute coordinate system: Here, all the points are taken with respect to the origin.
- Choose line tool.
- Line specify the first point: (1,1)
- Line specify the next point: (6,1)
- Line specify the next point: (6,3)
- Line specify the next point: (3,3)

- Line specify the next point: (3,2)
- Line specify the next point: (2,2)
- Line specify the next point: (2,4)
- Line specify the next point: (5,4)

- Line specify the next point: (5,6)
- Line specify the next point: (1,8)
- Line specify the next point: C (to close the image)

Relative coordinate system:
- Relative rectangular coordinate system: Here using the symbol @ shifts the coordinates(origin) from (0,0) to previous last point. In this method if we have to move to left or downwards we have to use negative sign in x and y axis respectively.
  - Choose line tool
  - Line specify first point: (1,1) (start point)
  - Line specify next point: @5,0
  - Line specify next point: @0,2
  - Line specify next point: @-3,0

Line specify next point: @0,-1
Line specify next point: @-1,0
Line specify next point: @0,2

Line specify next point: @0,2
Line specify next point: @-8,0
Line specify next point: @0,-2
Line specify next point: @3,0

- Relative polar coordinate system:(@N
- Choose the line tool.
- Line specify the first point: (1,1)
- Line specify the next point: @5<0
- Line specify the next point: @2<90
- Line specify the next point: @3<180

Line specify the next point: @1<270
Line specify the next point: @1<180
Line specify the next point: @2<90
Line specify the next point: @3<0

Line specify the next point: @2<90
Line specify the next point: @4.472<153.435
Line specify the next point: C

Direct distance entry:
- Choose the line tool.
- Line specify the first point : Start point (1,1)
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 5.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 2.

- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 3.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 1.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 1.

.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 2.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 3.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 2.

- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then 4.472.
- Specify the next point: C

Absolute coordinate system: Here, all the points are taken with respect to the origin.
- Choose line tool.
- Line specify the first point: (1,1)
- Line specify the next point: (3,1)
- Line specify the next point: (3,4)

- Line specify the next point: (6,4)
- Line specify the next point: (6,8)
- Line specify the next point: (1,8)
- Line specify the next point: c

- Again choose the line command.
- Line specify the first point: (2,5)
- Line specify the next point: (5,5)
- Line specify the next point: (5,7)

- Line specify the next point: (2,7)
- Line specify the next point: C (to close the image)

Relative coordinate system:
- Relative rectangular coordinate system: Here using the symbol @ shifts the coordinates(origin) from (0,0) to previous last point. In this method if we have to move to left or downwards we have to use negative sign in x and y axis respectively.
  - Choose line tool
  - Line specify first point: (1,1) (start point)
  - Line specify next point: @2,0
  - Line specify next point: @0,3
  - Line specify next point: @3,0

Line specify next point: @0,4
Line specify next point: @-5,0
Line specify next point: C

Again choose line command.
Line specify first point: @2,5
Line specify next point: @3,0
Line specify next point: @0,2

Line specify next point: @-3,0
Line specify next point: C

- Relative polar coordinate system:(@N
- Choose the line tool.
- Line specify the first point: (1,1)
- Line specify the next point: @2<0
- Line specify the next point: @3<90
- Line specify the next point: @3<0

Line specify the next point: @4<90
Line specify the next point: @5<180
Line specify the next point: C

Again choose line command.
Line specify the first point: 2,5
Line specify the next point: @3<0
Line specify the next point: @2<90

Line specify the next point: @2<90
Line specify the next point: @3<180
Line specify the next point: C

Direct distance entry:
- Choose the line tool.
- Line specify the first point : Start point (1,1)
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 2.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 3.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 3.

- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 3.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 4.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 5.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enetr C.

- Again choose the line tool.
- Specify the first point: 2,5
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 3.
- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 2.

- Specify the next point: Position the cursor and then enter 3.
- Specify the next point: C

Civil drawing: profiles and trusses

1. Profile wood:

Choose line command.
Specify the first point: (0,0)
Specify the next point: @10<0
Specify the next point:@1<90

Specify the next point:@2<180
Specify the next point:@4<90
Specify the next point:@2<0

Specify the next point:@1<90
Specify the next point:@5.831<149.041 (orientation = 90+ $\tan^{- 1} (\frac{5}{3})$ $tan^-1(5/3)$ )
Specify the next point:@5.831<210.964 ( orientation = 180+30964)
Specify the next point:@2<90