Creation of geometries by Coordinate system methods using AutoCad
AIM:
To create the geometries from P1 to P2 using all the coordinates system methods, to use the Line tool and circle to create the geometries.
TYPES OF COORDINATE SYSTEM
- Absolute Coordinates
- Relative rectangular coordinates
- Relative polar coordinates
- Direct distance entry.
INTRODUCTION
The main objective of this challenge is to gain knowledge on how to plot lines using the various coordinates systems available. The challenge is divided into four parts and in each part certain figures are to be drawn using the line and circle tool based on the four coordinates systems.
In each part the figures will be drawn based on that particular coordinate system and the procedure for doing will be given for all questions.
PART 1: ABSOLUTE COORDINATE SYSTEM
Absolute coordinates refers to a Cartesian System that uses x-axis, y-axis, and sometimes a z-axis to establish a point some distance from a common origin. As an example, in a CAD program you could draw a line using absolute coordinates. To do this start by entering the (x,y) value of your origin point. Let us plot a figure using this coordinate system
PART 2: RELATIVE RECTANGULAR COORDINATES
Relative coordinates are based on the last point entered. Use relative coordinates when you know the location of a point in relation to the previous point.
To specify relative coordinates, precede the coordinate values with an @ sign. For example, entering @3, 4 specifies a point 3 units along the X axis and 4 units along the Y axis from the last point specified.
PART 3: RELATIVE POLAR COORDINATES
Relative coordinates are also based on the last point entered. Use relative coordinates when you know the location of a point in relation to the previous point.
To specify relative coordinates, precede the coordinate values with an @ sign. For example, entering @1<45 specifies a point at a distance of 1 unit from the last point specified at an angle of 45 degrees from the X axis.
PART 4: DIRECT DISTANCE ENTRY
Locates the next point at a specified distance in the direction of your cursor
At a prompt to locate a point, enter a numeric value
With direct distance entry, you can quickly specify a point relative to the last point you entered. At any prompt for a point location, you move the cursor first to specify the direction, and then enter a numeric distance.
PROCEDURE TO DRAW A LINE:
Line
To Draw Line simple lines or series of lines segments .access to command line by one way of the following:
- Command Line: Line or L
- Menu Bar: Draw- Line
- Draw Bar
- Tool palettes: Draw- Line
- Ribbon: Home- Draw panel -Line
When execute command line the program requires specify first point, display in command line:
Specify first Point:
Specify next point or [Undo]:
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Options:
- C: this option close series of lines, connect first point with last point by line.
- U: enter U for undo. AutoCAD backs up one segment, undoing it so that you can recreate it.
Let us understand the coordinates with the help of a few example questions.
QNS 1)
To draw the above figure the coordinate system follow these steps
|
COMMAND |
Absolute Coordinates |
Relative rectangular coordinates |
Relative polar coordinates |
Direct distance entry. |
|
COMMAND |
Line |
Line |
Line |
Line |
|
Specify first point: |
2, 1 |
2, 1 |
2, 1 |
2, 1 |
|
Specify next point: |
8, 1 |
@6, 0 |
@6<0 |
6 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
8, 2 |
@0, 1 |
@1<90 |
1 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
3, 2 |
@-5, 0 |
@5<180 |
5 and point left |
|
Specify next point: |
3, 6 |
@0, 4 |
@4<90 |
4 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
8, 6 |
@5, 0 |
@5<0 |
5 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
8, 7 |
@0, 1 |
@1<90 |
1 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
2, 7 |
@-6, 0 |
@6<180 |
6 and point left |
|
Specify next point: |
2, 1 or C |
@2, 1 or C |
@6<270 or c |
6 and point down or C |
RESULT
 |
QNS 2)
|
COMMAND |
Absolute Coordinates |
Relative rectangular coordinates |
Relative polar coordinates |
Direct distance entry. |
|
COMMAND |
Line |
Line |
Line |
line |
|
Specify first point: |
2, 1 |
2,1 |
2, 1 |
2,1 |
|
Specify next point: |
5, 1 |
@3, 0 |
@3<0 |
3 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
5, 5 |
@0, 4 |
@4<90 |
4 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
6, 5 |
@1, 0 |
@1<0 |
1 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
6,1 |
@0, -4 |
@4<270 |
4 and point down |
|
Specify next point: |
9, 1 |
@3, 0 |
@3<0 |
3 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
7, 8 |
@-2, 7 |
@7<90 (line ab) |
7 and point up (line ab) |
|
Specify next point: |
4, 8 |
@-3, 0 |
@2<180 (line bc) |
2 and point left (line bc) |
|
Specify next point: |
2, 1 or C |
@-2, -7 or C |
@3<180 |
3 and point left |
|
Delete line ab and bc |
Delete line ab and bc |
|||
|
Connect a and c and e and d using line command |
Connect a and c and e and d using line command |
RESULT
 |
QNS 3)
To draw the above figure using the coordinate system follow these steps
|
COMMAND |
Absolute Coordinates |
Relative rectangular coordinates |
Relative polar coordinates |
Direct distance entry. |
|
COMMAND |
Line |
Line |
Line |
line |
|
Specify first point: |
2, 1 |
2,1 |
2, 1 |
2,1 |
|
Specify next point: |
2,8 |
@0, 7 |
@7<90 |
7 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
3, 8 |
@1, 0 |
@1<0 |
1 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
5, 5 |
@2, -3 |
@2<0 (line ab) |
2 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
7, 8 |
@2, 3 |
@2<0 (line bc) |
2 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
8, 8 |
@1, 0 |
@1<0 |
1 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
8,1 |
@0, -7 |
@7< 270 |
7 and point down |
|
Specify next point: |
7,1 |
@-1, 0 |
@1<180 |
1 and point left |
|
Specify next point: |
7, 5 |
@0, 4 |
@4<90 |
4 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
5, 3 |
@-2, -2 |
@2<180 (Line de) |
2 and point left (Line de) |
|
Specify next point: |
3, 5 |
@-2, 2 |
@2<180 (Line ef) |
2 and point left (Line ef) |
|
Specify next point: |
3,1 |
@0, -4 |
@4<270 (Line fh) |
4 and point down (Line fh) |
|
Specify next point: |
2, 1 or C |
@2, 1 or C |
@1<180 or C |
1 and point left |
|
Command |
Line |
Line |
||
|
Specify first point: |
2,1 |
2, 1 |
||
|
Specify next point: |
@3<0 (line gi) |
3 point and right (line gi) |
||
|
Specify next point: |
@2<90 (line ij) |
2 point and right (line ij) |
||
|
Specify next point: |
@2<90 (line je) |
2 and point up (line je) |
||
|
Connect ae,ec, fj and jd |
Connect ae,ec, fj and jd |
|||
|
Delete lines ab, bc, fe, ed,gh, hi and ij |
Delete lines ab, bc, fe, ed,gh, hi and ij |
RESULT
 |
QNS 4
To draw the above figure using the coordinate system follow these steps
|
COMMAND |
Absolute Coordinates |
Relative rectangular coordinates |
Relative polar coordinates |
Direct distance entry. |
|
COMMAND |
Line |
Line |
Line |
line |
|
Specify first point: |
2, 1 |
2,1 |
2, 1 |
2,1 |
|
Specify next point: |
2,9 |
@0, 8 |
@8<90 |
8 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
9, 9 |
@7, 0 |
@7<0 |
7 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
9, 1 |
@0, -8 |
@8<270 |
8 and point down |
|
Specify next point: |
5, 1 |
@-4, 0 |
@4<180 |
4 and point left |
|
Specify next point: |
5, 2 |
@0, 1 |
@1<90 |
1 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
8, 2 |
@3, 0 |
@3< 0 |
3 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
8, 8 |
@0, 6 |
@6<90 |
6 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
3, 8 |
@-5, 0 |
@5<180 |
5 and point left |
|
Specify next point: |
3, 1 |
@0, -7 |
@7<270 |
7 and point down |
|
Specify next point: |
2, 1 or C |
@-1, 0 or C |
@1<180 or C |
1 and point left or C |
RESULT
 |
QNS 5)
To draw the above figure using absolute coordinate system follow these steps
|
COMMAND |
Absolute Coordinates |
Relative rectangular coordinates |
Relative polar coordinates |
Direct distance entry. |
|
COMMAND |
Line |
Line |
Line |
line |
|
Specify first point: |
2, 1 |
2,1 |
2, 1 |
2,1 |
|
Specify next point: |
2,7 |
@0, 6 |
@6<90 |
6 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
10, 7 |
@8, 0 |
@8<0 |
8 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
10, 1 |
@0, -6 |
@6<270 |
6 and point down |
|
Specify next point: |
2, 1 or C |
@-8, 0 |
@8<180 |
8 and point left |
|
COMMAND |
Line |
Line |
Line |
Line |
|
Specify first point: |
3, 2 |
3, 2 |
3, 2 |
3, 2 |
|
Specify next point: |
3, 5 |
@0, 3 |
@3<90 |
3 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
5, 5 |
@2, 0 |
@2<0 |
2 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
5, 2 |
@0, -3 |
@3<270 |
3 and point down |
|
Specify next point: |
3, 2 or C |
@-2, 0 or C |
@2<180 or C |
2 and point left |
|
COMMAND |
Line |
Line |
Line |
Line |
|
Specify first point: |
6, 2 |
6, 2 |
6,2 |
6,2 |
|
Specify next point: |
6, 5 |
@0, 3 |
@3<90 |
3 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
8, 5 |
@2, 0 |
@2<0 |
2 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
8, 2 |
@0, -3 |
@3<270 |
3 and point down |
|
Specify next point: |
6,2 or C |
@-2, 0 or C |
@2<180 or C |
2 and point left |
RESULT
 |
QNS 6)
To draw the above figure using absolute coordinate system follow these steps
|
COMMAND |
Absolute Coordinates |
Relative rectangular coordinates |
Relative polar coordinates |
Direct distance entry. |
|
COMMAND |
Line |
Line |
Line |
line |
|
Specify first point: |
0, 0 |
0,0 |
0, 0 |
0, 0 |
|
Specify next point: |
10, 0 |
@10, 0 |
@10<0 |
10 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
10, 2 |
@2, 0 |
@2<90 |
2 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
6, 2 |
@-4, 0 |
@4<180 |
4 and point left |
|
Specify next point: |
6, 6 |
@0, 4 |
@4<90 |
4 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
9, 6 |
@3, 0 |
@3<0 |
3 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
9, 8 |
@0, 2 |
@2<90 |
2 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
1, 8 |
@-8, 0 |
@8<180 |
8 and point left |
|
Specify next point: |
1, 6 |
@0, -2 |
@2<270 |
2 and point down |
|
Specify next point: |
4, 6 |
@3, 0 |
@3<0 |
3 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
4, 2 |
@0, -4 |
@4<270 |
4 and point down |
|
Specify next point: |
0, 2 |
@-4, 0 |
@4<180 |
4 and point left |
|
Specify next point: |
0, 0 or C |
@0, -2 or C |
@2<270 or C |
2 and point down or C |
RESULT
 |
QNS 7)
To draw the above figure using the coordinate system follow these steps
|
COMMAND |
Absolute Coordinates |
Relative rectangular coordinates |
Relative polar coordinates |
Direct distance entry. |
|
COMMAND |
Line |
Line |
Line |
line |
|
Specify first point: |
1,1 |
1,1 |
1,1 |
1,1 |
|
Specify next point: |
6, 1 |
@5, 0 |
@5<0 |
5 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
6, 3 |
@2, 0 |
@2<90 |
2 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
3, 3 |
@-3, 0 |
@3<180 |
3 and point left |
|
Specify next point: |
3, 2 |
@0, -1 |
@1<270 |
1 and point down |
|
Specify next point: |
2, 2 |
@-1, 0 |
@1<180 |
1 and point left |
|
Specify next point: |
2, 4 |
@0, 2 (a) |
@2<90 (a) |
2 and point up (a) |
|
Specify next point: |
5, 4 |
Line |
Line |
Line |
|
Specify next point: |
5, 6 |
1, 1 |
1, 1 |
1, 1 |
|
Specify next point: |
1, 8 |
@0, 7 (b) |
@7<90 (b) |
7 and point up (b) |
|
Specify next point: |
1, 1 or C |
Join a and b |
Join a and b |
Join a and b |
RESULT
 |
QNS 8)
To draw the above figure using the coordinate system follow these steps
|
COMMAND |
Absolute Coordinates |
Relative rectangular coordinates |
Relative polar coordinates |
Direct distance entry. |
|
COMMAND |
Line |
Line |
Line |
line |
|
Specify first point: |
1, 1 |
1,1 |
1,1 |
1,1 |
|
Specify next point: |
3, 1 |
@2, 0 |
@2<0 |
2 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
3, 4 |
@0, 3 |
@3<90 |
3 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
6, 4 |
@3, 0 |
@3<0 |
3 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
6, 8 |
@0, 4 |
@4<90 |
4 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
1, 8 |
@-5, 0 |
@5<180 |
5 and point left |
|
Specify next point: |
1, 1 or C |
@0, -7 or C |
@7<270 or C |
7 and point down or C |
|
Command |
Line |
Line |
Line |
Line |
|
Specify first point: |
2, 5 |
2,5 |
2, 5 |
2,5 |
|
Specify next point: |
5, 5 |
@3, 0 |
@3<0 |
3 and point right |
|
Specify next point: |
5, 7 |
@0, 2 |
@2<90 |
2 and point up |
|
Specify next point: |
2, 7 |
@-3, 0 |
@3<1800 |
3 and point left |
|
Specify next point: |
2, 5 or C |
@0, -2 or C |
@2<270 |
2 and point down |
RESULT
 |
QNS 9)
To draw the above figure using absolute coordinate system follow these steps
Command: Line
Specify first point: 0, 0
Specify next point: 10, 0
Specify next point: 10, 1
Specify next point: 8, 1
Specify first point: 8, 5
Specify next point: 10, 5
Specify first point: 10, 6
Specify next point: 5, 9
Specify next point: 0, 6
Specify next point: 2, 6
Specify first point: 2, 1
Specify next point: 0, 1
Specify next point: 0, 0 or C
Command: Circle
Specify centre point for circle: 5, 4
Specify radius of circle: 2
RESULT
 |
QNS 10)
To draw the above figure using absolute coordinate system follow these steps
Command: Line
Specify first point: 1, 1
Specify next point: 1, 5
Specify next point: 4.5, 8.5
Specify next point: 8, 5
Specify first point: 8, 1
Command: Line
Specify first point: 1, 5
Specify next point: 8, 5
Command: Line
Specify next point: 2, 5
Specify first point: 2, 6
Specify next point: 4.5, 5
Specify next point: 7, 6
Specify next point: 7, 5
Command: Line
Specify first point: 4.5, 5
Specify next point: 4.5, 8.5
RESULT
 |
QNS 11)
Command: Line
Specify first point: 1, 1
Specify next point: 7, 1
Specify next point: 7, 3
Specify next point: 1, 1 or C
Command: Line
Specify first point: 3, 1
Specify next point: 3, 1.667
Specify next point: 5, 1
Specify next point: 5, 2.333
Specify next point: 7, 1
RESULT
 |
RESULTS:
Created the geometries from P1 to P2 using all the coordinates system methods and used Line tool and circle tool to create the geometries.
Appendix:
Qns 2) Additional lines with names for finding the end points of figure are provided here
Qns 3) Additional lines with names for finding the end points of figure are provided here
