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Creating Kitchen layout, Hatching of Architectural elements and sectional view of an Industrial Building in AutoCad
AIM: To create a Kitchen layout, Hatching of Architectural elements and sectional view of an Industrial Building in AutoCad INTRODUCTION: The main objective of doing this project is to understand in detail about the various options and tools which are used for hatching. The various tools which are used for…
KRISHNADAS K DAS
updated on 11 Jul 2021
AIM:
To create a Kitchen layout, Hatching of Architectural elements and sectional view of an Industrial Building in AutoCad
INTRODUCTION:
The main objective of doing this project is to understand in detail about the various options and tools which are used for hatching. The various tools which are used for doing this project Line, Rectangle, Construction Line, Polygon, circle, eraze, copy, trim, Layer, Mirror, Copy, Offset, Extend, Move, Rotate, Text, Fillet etc.
Line: The line object is the most basic and common object in AutoCAD drawings of any discipline. Each segment is a line object that can be edited separately, assigning properties such as layer, line type, and line weight.
Construction Lines: Construction lines (also known as xlines) are temporary line work entities that can be used as references when creating and positioning other objects or line work. Construction lines are either circles or straight lines that extend to infinity in both directions
Polygon: Creates an equilateral closed polyline. We can specify the number of sides of the polygon and whether it is inscribed or circumscribed.
Rectangle: When using the RECTANGLE command, absolute or relative coordinate values are used to define the size of the rectangle. Actual dimension values are preferred to create the length and width of the rectangle. Command used- REC
Circle: Created a circle Command used - CIRCLE or C
Erase: The erase command is used to remove or delete objects from the drawing. The selected objects can also be removed with the help of the 'Delete' button on the keyboard. We can also delete faces, vertices, and meshes in 3D with the help of Erase command.
Copy: Copies objects a specified distance in a specified direction. With the COPYMODE system variable, you can control whether multiple copies are created automatically.
Trim: Trims objects to meet the edges of other objects. Command used: TR
Layers: Use layers to control the visibility of objects and to assign properties such as colour and line type. Objects on a layer normally assume the properties of that layer. However, you can override any layer property of an object. For example, if an object’s colour property is set to BYLAYER, the object displays the colour of that layer. If the object’s colour is set to Red, the object displays as red, regardless of the colour assigned to that layer. Command used- LAYER
Mirror: The mirror command in AutoCAD is used to create a copy (mirror copy) of the selected object. We can also delete the source object after mirroring the object. The objects that represent the same as the half of their object can be mirrored across a center line to create the other half of the object.
Offset: Creates concentric circles, parallel lines, and parallel curves. Command used: OFFSET.
Extend: Extends objects to meet the edges of other objects. To extend objects, first select the boundaries. Then press Enter and select the objects that you want to extend. To use all objects as boundaries, press Enter at the first Select Objects prompt. Command used: EX
Move: The move command in AutoCAD is used to move objects at a specified distance and direction.
To move the objects with precision, we can use object snaps, grid snaps, coordinates, etc.
Rotate: Used to rotate objects in our drawing around a specified base point. To determine the angle of rotation, we can enter an angle value, drag using the cursor, or specify a reference angle to align to an absolute angle. Command used: ROTATE
Dimension: Creates multiple dimensions and types of dimensions with a single command. We can select objects or points on objects to dimension, and then click to place the dimension line. When we hover over an object, the DIM command automatically generates a preview of a suitable dimension type to use.
Text: We can use single-line text to create one or more lines of text, where each text line is an independent object that you can move, format, or otherwise modify. Right-click in the text box to select options on the shortcut menu.
Fillet: The fillet tool helps form round corners between any two entities that form a sharp vertex. Command used: FILLET
HATCH: The Hatch command in AutoCAD is used to fill patterns inside an enclosed area. The patterns are hatched, gradient, and solid fill. The gradient patterns are defined as a smooth transition between two colors. There are several hatch patterns available in AutoCAD. We can choose the desired pattern from the list of the patterns according to the requirements. The number of hatch lines represented in any pattern can be adjusted with the help of the Hatch Pattern Scale.
TASK 1:
To create the layouts of the Kitchen and provide hatches pattern as shown. Also, use blocks wherever required. Provide appropriate dimensions in the plan. Assume the size of doors, appliances and others as per the standards.
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Type UN and press enter Under Drawing Units, select decimal Now the lower limit is set to 0,0 and upper limit to 15000, 15000 Type Z enter to zoom and A enter to all |
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| First the below counter plan was drawn. For that a rectangle of size 4734x3688 was created and an offset of 250 was taken to the inside of rectangle. Then a line was drawn from both sides at a distance of 600 mm. |  |
| A rectangle of width 35 is drawn at 3 corners inorder to separate between the kitchen walls and the counter. Now using the line command all the cabinets was drawn as per the plan given. |  |
| The circle command ws used to plot the hob line,arc and circle command was used to zinc at top corner and the snack counter was drawn using the dotted lines. |  |
| Door opening and doors was placed next and the components inside the walls was drawn as shown. This was done using line, offset and circle command |  |
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Go to the Draw panel on the Home tab. Find the hatch icon in the bottom right corner. In "Hatch creation” tab. Go to its Properties panel and choose the Hatch type that you would like to insert. Here Solid and Pattern type was used. “Pick Points” or “Select Boundary Objects”. The “Pick Points” will determine a boundary around the specified point. The “Select Boundary Objects” will allow you to manually select the boundaries of the area that you would like to hatch. After filling the area, hit “Enter” to apply the hatch. Now hatching was done with required solid and pattern styles and was set to a transparency to 75. |
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To create a Layer In the Layer Properties Manager, click New Layer. A layer name is added to the layer list. Enter a new layer name as Text and dimensions by typing over the highlighted layer name. Select a suitable colour for that layer. Now using the Dimlin command all the dimensions was plotted. Now using the MTEXT all the texts was made and the following image is obtained. |
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| The above counter plan was next plotted. The outline of this plan is way too similar to below counter plan only the difference is the size of counters. After drawing the counters, dimensioning and text placing was done and the final image of above kitchen plan is as follows |  |
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RESULTS: The above and below counter plan of kitchen was drafted, hatch pattern was applied and the final image is as follows.
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TASK 2:
To create the elevation of the plan which was already created in the Challenges 7 and apply proper hatch in the walls, doors, windows, and other architectural elements. Refer to the dimensions in Plans and sections in Challenges 7.Refer to the elevation that needed to be created.
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Type UN and press enter Under Drawing Units, select decimal Now the lower limit is set to 0,0 and upper limit to 15000, 15000 Type Z enter to zoom and A enter to all |
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The elevation was already drawn and it was catagorized into different layers like walls, window projections,, handrail, text etc. As the main objective of this task is about hatching so the detailed entry of drawing an elevation is not given. |
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Hatching of windows and openings Go to the Draw panel on the Home tab. Find the hatch icon in the bottom right corner. In "Hatch creation” tab. Go to its Properties panel and choose the Hatch type that you would like to insert. Here Solid and Pattern type was used. In hatch settings "create separate hatches" options was selected, so that each entity will remain as an individual if any correction was to be made, else it would have to be done from first. Pick points options was was to hatch the area. The “Pick Points” will determine a boundary around the specified point. After filling the area, hit “Enter” to apply the hatch. |
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After hatching the windows and openings the the entire elevation is as shown. Also the ventilations and top foor was hatched using the same steps. |
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Hatching of handgrills in the balcony Go to the Draw panel on the Home tab. Find the hatch icon in the bottom right corner. In "Hatch creation” tab. Go to its Properties panel and choose the Hatch type that you would like to insert. Here Solid type was used and the colour matching to silver was chosen. In hatch settings "create separate hatches" options was selected, so that each entity will remain as an individual if any correction was to be made, else it would have to be done from first. Pick points options was was to hatch the area. The “Pick Points” will determine a boundary around the specified point. After filling the area, hit “Enter” to apply the hatch. To obtain a clearer view of hatching the hand rails portions was cropped and shown |
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Hatching of sunshades Go to the Draw panel on the Home tab. Find the hatch icon in the bottom right corner. In "Hatch creation” tab. Go to its Properties panel and choose the Hatch type that you would like to insert. Here gradient of one type was used. In hatch settings "create separate hatches" options was selected, so that each entity will remain as an individual if any correction was to be made, else it would have to be done from first. Pick points options was was to hatch the area. The “Pick Points” will determine a boundary around the specified point. After filling the area, hit “Enter” to apply the hatch. |
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Hatching of walls Go to the Draw panel on the Home tab. Find the hatch icon in the bottom right corner. In "Hatch creation” tab. Go to its Properties panel and choose the Hatch type that you would like to insert. Here gradient of one type was used here also. In hatch settings "create separate hatches" options was selected, so that each entity will remain as an individual if any correction was to be made, else it would have to be done from first. Pick points options was was to hatch the area. The “Pick Points” will determine a boundary around the specified point. After filling the area, hit “Enter” to apply the hatch. |
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RESULTS: The elevation was drawn, the walls, windows, ventilations, doors, openings, handrails and sunshades was hatched with solid, gradient and pattern type of hatching.
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TASK 3:
To Create the section view of an industrial building.
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Type UN and press enter Under Drawing Units, select decimal Now the lower limit is set to 0,0 and upper limit to 15000, 15000 Type Z enter to zoom and A enter to all |
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To create a Layer In the Layer Properties Manager, click New Layer. A layer name is added to the layer list. Enter a new layer name as Walls by typing over the highlighted layer name. Select a suitable colour for that layer. Now using the line,rectangle, offset, trim,fillet commands all the wall portions was completed.
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New layers are now created, named as ducts, sprinklers and fire pipe and a suitable colour is selected for each layers and all of them was drafted in their respective layers.
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Hatching of walls Go to the Draw panel on the Home tab. Find the hatch icon in the bottom right corner. In "Hatch creation” tab. Go to its Properties panel and choose the Hatch type that you would like to insert. Here pattern type was used for hatching. 8 In hatch settings "create separate hatches" options was selected, so that each entity will remain as an individual if any correction was to be made, else it would have to be done from first. Pick points options was was to hatch the area. The “Pick Points” will determine a boundary around the specified point. After filling the area, hit “Enter” to apply the hatch.
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A new layer is now created, named as texts and a suitable colour is selected and this layer is made as the default. Now using the MTEXT all the texts was made and the following image is obtained.
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A new layer is now created, named as Dimensions and a suitable colour is selected and this layer is made as the default. Now using the Dimlin the dimensions was plotted and the following image is obtained.
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RESULTS: The sectional view of the industrial shed is drafted and hatched as shown in figure.
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RESULTS:
The above and below counter plan of kitchen was drafted, hatch pattern was applied and the final image is as follows.
The elevation was drawn, the walls, windows, ventilations, doors, openings, handrails and sunshades was hatched with solid, gradient and pattern type of hatching
The sectional view of the industrial shed is drafted and hatched as shown in figure.
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