Creating a Floor plan, Footing detail and Isometric view using AutoCad

Aim:

To create a floor plan, footing detail and isometric view using AutoCAD tools.

Introduction:

AutoCAD software consist of different tools that are essential for drawing a floor plan, footing detail or an isometric view. Some of them includes rectangle, polygon, polyline . 

There are various modification tools in AutoCAD which are used to modify the sketched objects and these includes move, copy, offsetting, rotating, Scaling of sketched objects, filleting, chamfering etc.

1. Rectangle - Command used is REC. It can also evoked from ribbon, toolbar, tool pallettes. Follow the commands  in AutoCAD to complete the rectangle. Different ways by which rectangle can be drawn are:

• Drawing rectangle by specifying two opposite corners.
• Drawing rectangle by specifying area an one side length.
• Drawing rectangle by specifying their dimension.
• Drawing rectangle at an angle.
• Drawing using different options like chamfering, fillets, width, thickness, elevation.

2. Regular polygon - Command used is POL. Other ways of evoking the tool is through ribbon, tool bar and tool pallettes. This tool is used to make a polygon with minimum of 3 sides and a maximum of 1024 sides. Different ways of drawing polygon is:

• Drawing a polygon by specifying the centre of the polygon:
  • Drawing an inscribed polygon using centre of polygon option.
  • Drawing a circumscribed polygon using the centre of polygon option.
• Drawing a polygon by specifying the edge.

3. Polyline - Command used is PLINE or PL and is also evoked through ribbon, toolbar, tool pallettes. There are two types of polyline: 2D and 3D. Different options in polyline includes arc, halfwidth, length, width. It is possible to switch between an arc and line anytime in between the drawing.

Polyline is a very important tool in utility drawing like pipelines, sewage lines etc.

Modification tools:

1. Moving sketched objects - Command is MOVE, other ways of evoking is through ribbon, toolbar. There is a need to choose the base point about which the object is to be moved. Displacement option allows to simply move an object  to any point we want.

2. Copying the sketched object - Command used is CO or it can evoked from ribbon and toolbar. By using this tool an object can be copied to any distance that we choose, but when we copy an object without specifying the displacement distance it will be copied to apoint at a distance same as the distance of the original object from the origin. There are two options in copy: Single and multiple.

3. Offsetting the sketched object - Command used is OFFSET or evoked from ribbon, toolbar. This tool enables to create the same object at a specific distance. Different options incude:

THROUGH option: in this option there is no need of providing offset distance. Offsetted image can be placed anywhere we want.

ERASE option: This option provides an option to erase the source object once offsetting is done.

LAYER option.

4. Rotating the sketched object - Command used is ROTATE or is evoked from ribbon or toolbar. Different ways include:

• Rotation of objects in different roattion angles( by choosing basepoint).
• Rotation of objects using reference option: by keeping one angle as reference we can change to new angle.

There is a copy option where the object will be rotated and copied so both the rotated image and source image will be present.

5. Scaling of the sketched object - Command used is SC. This tool is used to reduce or increase the overall size of an object by a factor. Here, we have to provide a base point and then specify the scale factor.

There is two option for scaling: 1. COPY option: scale factor is to be provided, both source object and scaled object will be visible. 2. REFERENCE option: only reference length is to be provided, scale factor will be automatically calculated.

6. Filleting the sketches - Command used is FILLET or is also evoked from ribbon and toolbar. This tool can be created through either radius option or using the select first object option. Different options available are polyline (all corner points will be curved), radius, trim(by choosing no trim option the straight line will be available along with the curved line), Multiple (filleeting can be done multile times). 

7. Chamfering the sketches - Command used is CHAMFER or is also evoked from ribbbon and toolbar. Dieffernt options available are:

• Creating chamfer using distance option: just inputing the distnce of the chamfer from the corner.
• Creating chamfer using the select first line option: first line is selected where we have to provide the first chamfered distance.
• Creating chamfer using polyline option.
• Creating chamfer using angle option:one side length and angle measurement will be provided.
• Creating chamfer using trim option.
• Creating chamfer using method option.
• Creating chamfer using multiple option.

Procedure:

1. C1 : Cross section of load bearing wall over spread footing.

- Starting from footing:

• Rectangle tool is chosen.
• Rectangle is drawn using the relative coordinate system specifying the dimension of the footing.( i.e @0.9,0.25).

• Now, snap for midpont is turned ON so as to draw the centre line.
• Now the line command is chosen to draw a centre line for  first footing @0,0.4 - from midpoint), which is erased later on.

• This center line is the offseted at an offset distance of 0.25 and after offsetting the center line is erased off and the top portion is joined by a line and hence the first footing is created.

• By following the above procedure 2nd footing (the offset distance from center line will be 0.2) and the above wall (the offset distance would be 0.15) is created.

- 2nd footing:

- Wall:

• Now, for the wall portion the top horizontal line is offsetted at a distance of 1 and 1.05 from top .

• Now again choose the line command to mark the ground level (i.e @-1.15,0 - from top of the 2nd footing) and this command is continued for to complete the footing for the steps (@0,-0.15 and @1.15,0).

• After completing the above figure, using the line command continue drawing the steps having 0.3 as horizontal distance (tread) and 0.15 as vertical distance (riser).

• Now, complete the figure by marking the dimensions.

2. C2 : Cross section of isolated footing

• Choose the line tool and draw the outline of the top portion that has  length 1.6  (column) (i.e @0,1.6 ---> @0.24,0 ---> @0,-1.6).

• Now, the two vertical lines are offsetted towards inner side at a distance of 0.04. Again these offsetted lines are then extended downwards using the line option to complete the reinforcement.

• Using the line command the reinforcement cover of the footing is also completed.

• The stirrup in the column portion is completed using the line tool and offset command( offset distance 0.2).

• Now the section is completed by dimensioning.

3. C3 : Line diagram of a two bedroom building.

• Draw rectangle using the command REC, provide first corner point of the rectangle and specify the next corner point as @8.8,3.6.

• Choose the line tool and draw line along the left edge of the rectangle from top (@0,-1.8)and bottom corner (@0,0.9), so that these lines can be offsetted to distance of 3.6 to inner side to obtain the partition between two rooms.

• Choose line command and using line complete steps .
• Select the first point of line as the right corner of bedroom ---> @0,0.9 --->@1,0 --->@0,-0.9. then offset the horizontal portion at an offset distance of 0.3.
• Similarly complete the steps in the opposite side.

• Trim the starting portion of steps for both.

• Complete the figure by naming and dimensioning.

4. C4 : Cross section of load bearing wall showing foundation details.

• Draw a rectangle using command REC, choose first corner point and then specify the other corner point  as @0.9,0.45.

• Choose the line tool to a draw a centre line for the second footing from the centre of the top edge of the rectangle drawn, the other point of the line is provided as @0,0.4.
• This line is the offsetted at distance of 0.3 on either side  and then the centre line is erased off. Then the top point of the two line are joined temporarily.

• Following the above procedure third (the footing height is 0.3 and offset distance is 0.25 on either side)  and fourth footing (footing height is 0.6 and offset distance is 0.2 on either side) is created.

• Trim off the protion between the top edges of 2nd and 3rd footing.

• Now the wall portion is also drawn by first drawing the center line from the midpoint of the fourth footing (i.e first pont willl be the midpoint and the second point is @0,1.

• This center line is then offsetted on either side at an offset distance of 0.15 on either side and then the center line is erased off. After that the top points are then connected using line command to complete to figure.

• Finally complete the figure by dimensioning it.

C5 : Isometric view of steps.

• First type DS command, this will lead to dialogue box named drafting settings in that choose the snap and grid option change the snap type to isometric snap.
• Then choose the line command and specify the first point.
• Then by distance entry method input the distance one by one and complete the drawing in the isometric plane.

• Now again choose line option and change to isoplane top by pressing the key F5 and then continue entering the distance values.

• Now again change to Isoplane left  to continue drawing.

• Similarly continue drwaing by switching between isoplane left and isoplane top.

• Now, this drawing is closed  by using line tool connecting between two ends.

• Complete the figure by dimensioning it.

6. C6 : Isometric view of Gable wall.

• First type DS command, this will lead to dialogue box named drafting settings in that choose the snap and grid option change the snap type to isometric snap.
• Then choose the line command and specify the first point.
• Then by distance entry method input the distance one by one and complete the drawing in the isometric plane.
• First chose isoplane right and enter 3 and then press F5 and change to isoplane left and enter 0.3 and change direction to down and enter 3.

• Now change to isoplane top and enter 1, then change to isoplane right and enter 2.42 and then towards right enter 1 and downwards enter 2.42.
• Then towards right enter 1 and upwards enter 3 and change to isoplane left and enter 0.3.

• Now draw a centerline from midpoint of door portion in isoplane right to height of 0.83 ( i.e 3.25-2.42) and from that top point join both sides of wall slantingly after this erase off the center line.

• Complete the figure by dimensioning it.

Result:

1. C1 : Cross section of a load bearing wall over spread footing

2. C2 : Cross section of isolated footing

3. C3 : Line diagram of a two bedroom building.

4. C4 : Cross section of load bearing wall showing foundation details.

5. C5 : Isometric view of steps.

6. C6 : Isometric view of a gable wall.