Creating a Floor plan, Footing detail and Isometric view using AutoCad

Aim:  To creat  a floor plan, footing detail and isometri view using AutoCAD tools.

Introduction: 

  AutoCAD software consist of different tools that are esential for drawing a floor plan, detail or an isometric view.  Some of themincludes rectangle, polygon, polyline.

  There are various modifiction tools in AutoCAD which are used to modify the skethed objects and these includes moeve, copy, offsetting, rotating. Scalling of sketched objects, dilleting, chamfering etc.

1.Rectangle - Command used is REC. It can also evoked from ribbon. toolbar pallettes. follow the commands in AutoCAD to complete the rectangle. Diffrent ways by which rectangle can be drawn are:

• Drawing rectangle by specifi=ying tqo opposite corners.
• Drawign rectangle by specifying area an one side lenght
• Drawing rectangle by specifying their dimension.
• Drawing using differrent option like chamfering, fillets, width, thickness, elevation.

2. Regular polygon - Command used is POL. Other ways of evoking the tool is through ribbon. tool bar and tool pallettes.  This tool is used to make a polygon with minimum of 3 sides and a  maximum of 1024 sides. Different sides.  Different waya ofdrawing polygon is:

  Drawing a polygon by specifying the centre of the polygon:

• Drawing an inscribed polygon using centre of polygon option.
• Drawing a circumscribed polygon using the centre of polygon option.

  Drawing a polygon by specifying the edge.

3. Polyline - Command used PLINE or PL and is evoked through ribbon, toolbar, tool pallettes.  There are two types of polyline: 2D and 3D. Different options in polyline includes arc, halfwidth, width. It is possible to switch between an arc and line anytime in between the drawing. 

Polyline is a very important tool in utility drawing like pipeline, sewage lines etc.

Modification tools:

1. Moving sketched object - Cpmmand in MOVE, other way of evoking is through ribbon, toolbar, There is a need to choose to the bse point about which the object is to be moved.  Displacement option aloows to simply move an object to any pointf we want.

2. Copying the sketched object - Command used is CO or it can evoked from ribbon and toolbar. By using this tool an object can be copied to any distance that we choose, but when copyu an onject without spicifying the displacement distacne it will be copied to appoint at a distance same as the distance of the original object form the origin. There are two options in copy: Single and multiple.

3. Offsetting the sketched object - Command used is OFFEST or evoked form ribbon, toolbar.  This tool enables to creat the same object at a soecufuc distance.

Different option included:

THROUFH option: In this option there is no need of providing offset distance.  Offsetted image can be placed anywhere we want.

ERASE option:This option provides an option to erase the source onject once offsetting is done.

LAYER option.

4. Rodating the sketched object - Command used ROTATE or is evoked from ribbon or toolbar.  Different ways include:

• Rotation of object in different roattion angle (by choosing basepoint).
• Rotation of objects using reference option: by keeping once angle as reference we cn change to new angle.

There is a copy option where the objects will be rotated and cpoied so both th rotated image and source image will be present.

5. Scaling of the sketched oobject - Commond used is SC. This tool is usedd to reduce or increase the overral size of an object by a caftor.  Here we have to provide a base point and then specify the scale factor.

There is two option for scaling:1. COPY option : scale factor is to be provided, both source object and scaled object will be visible. 2. REFERENCE option: Only referrence length is to be provided, scale factor wil be automatically calculated.

6. Filleting the sketches - Command used is FILLET or is also evoked from ribbon and tool bar.  This tool cab be created through either radius option or using the select first object option.  Different options available are polyline ( all corner points will be curved). radius, trim(by choosing no trim option the straight line will be available along with the curved line) Multible filletting can be done multible times.

7. Chamfering the sketches - Command used is CHAMFER or is also evoked from ribbon and toolbar.  Different options available are:

• Creating chamfer using distance option : just imputing the distance of the chamfer from the corner.
• Creating chamfer using the select first line option: first line is selected where we have to provide the first chamfered distance.
• Creating chamfer using polyline option.
• Creating chamfer using angle option side lenght and angle measurement will be provided.
• Creating chamfer using trim option.
• Creating chamfer usingmethod option.
• Creating chamfer using multiple option.

Default Procedure:  

• • Click on AutoCAD application and open this application 
  • Initially set the template Imperial ( Feet and inches)and Units(Decimal)
  • Then go to application menu -->select new-->creat drawing, to start form scratc.
  • Select defaultf setting as Imperial (feet and inches)
  • In default setting click on use a wizard and in that advancef setting and unit as decimal and precision as 0.00
  • Set Angle as Decimal Degree and precision as 0 and click next
  • Set Angle Measure as EAST and Next
  • Set Angle Direction as Counter-Clockwise and click Next
  • Set Area by provideing Lenght as 12 and Width as 10
  • finished

C1: Cross section of load bearing wall over spread footing:

  Step by step procedure:

• In command bar Enter RECTANGULAR or 'REC' to select rectangular 
• In command bar It will ask corner point, so specify it as 2,1
• In front of spicify second corner select Dimension and take lenght as 0.90 and with as 0.25 , Enter
• Again take rectangle command from the command bar
• In command bar It will ask corner point, so specify it as 20,1.25
• In front of spicify second corner select Dimension and take lenght as 0.50 and with as 0.40 , Enter
• Take Rectangle command from command bar
• In command bar It will ask corner point, so specify it as2.25,1.65
• In front of spicify second corner select Dimension and take lenght as 0.40 and with as 0.40 , Enter
• And used trim command to Trim the centre line
• Take rectangle command from command bar
• In command bar It will ask corner point, so specify it as 2.30,2.05
• In front of spicify second corner select Dimension and take lenght as 0.30 and with as 0.60 , Enter
• Again take the rectangle command from command bar
• In command bar It will ask corner point, so specify it as 2.30,2.65
• In front of spicify second corner select Dimension and take lenght as 0.30 and with as 0.05 , Enter
• Again take the rectangle command from command bar
• It will ask corner point, so specify it as 2.30,2.70
• In front of spicify second corner select Dimension and take lenght as 0.30 and with as 1.00 , Enter
• take the rectangle command from command bar
• It will ask corner point, so specify it as 2.25,2.05
• In front of spicify second corner select Dimension and take lenght as1.15 and with as 0.15 to draw downword direction, Enter
• now take line command from command bar
• Line specify first point, so specufy it as 1.40,2.05
• specify the next point as @0.15<90
• specify the next point as @0.30<0
• specify the next point as @0.15<90
• specify the next point as @0.30<0
• specify the next point as @0.15<90
• specify the next point as @0.30<0
• Press Enter
• Give the dimensions to the repsected rectangle and lines by using dimension command from the annotation tab.
• C.S. of Load bearing wall over spreas footing is done

  Result:

C2: Cross Section Of Isolated Footing

Step by step procedure:

• In command bar Enter RECTANGULAR or 'REC' to select rectangular
• In command bar It will ask corner point, so specify it as 1,1
• In front of spicify second corner select Dimension and take lenght as 1.00 and with as 0.40, Enter
• Take a chamfer option from command bar 
• Command bar will ask us to select line or to trim, distance, undo angle etc.
• In chamfer select trim setting as trim and click on Distance
• Specify first chamfer distance as o.25
• Specify second chamfer distance as o,38 and enter
• Now select the required two line from rectangular and now it has creat chamfer line 
• Again take a chamfer option from command bar
• In chamfer select trim setting as trim and click on Distance
• Specify first chamfer distance as 0.25
• Specify second chamfer distance as o,38 and enter
• Now Take a line command from command bar
• line specify the first point, so specify it as 1.38,1.40
• Line specify the next point 1.60 (North)
• Now Take OFFSET it, will ask offset distance, Enter 0.26 
• Now select the left line (1.60) offset the line oppiste direction of right side 
• Take line command from command bar
• Specify the first point, select top of the left side line (1.60)
• Line specify the next point 0.04 (East)
• Line specify the next point 1.96 (South)
• Line specify the next poin 0.38 (West)
• Line specify the next poin 0.02(North) Enter
• Now select OFFSET option from comand bar it will ask distance, Enter 0.16
• Now select the right side rebar (1.96) offset the line opposite direction of right side 
• Now select the right Line command from commadn bar
• Specify the first point to select the right side rebar of bottom corner
• Line specify the next poin 0.38 (East)
• Line specify the next poin 0.02(North) Enter
• Again select the line command from command bar
• joint the top of two rebar distance of 0.16 it is called stirrup And Enter
• Slect the offset command form command bar
• It will ask us distance of offset
• Now we selct the top of the stirrup to each stirrup distance is 0.20 
• The stirrup in the column portion is complete using the offset commad 
• Now Give the dimensions as per the drawing by using dimension command form the command bar 
• The C.S Isolated footing is done

Result:

C3: Line Diagram of a Two Bedroom Building

Step by step procedure:

• In command bar Enter the LINE or 'L' to take line command
• Line specify the first point 1,1
• Line specify the next point 3.60
• Line specify the nexp point 0.90 (South)
• Line specify the nexp point 1.00 (East)
• Line specify the nexp point 0.90 (North)
• Line specify the nexp point 4.20 (East)
• Line specify the nexp point 3.60 (North)
• Line specify the nexp point 4.20 (West)
• Line specify the nexp point 0.90 (North)
• Line specify the nexp point 1.00  (West)
• Line specify the nexp point 0.90 (South)
• Line specify the next point 3.60  (West)
• Line specify the next point 3.60 (South) And Enter
• Now take OFFSET command to draw and finished the stair Tread (OFFSET Distance is 0.30)
• Dimensions are used by using dimension command fromt he command bar
• The Line Diagram of a Two Bedroom Building is done.

Result:

C4: Cross Section Of Load Bearing Wall Showing Foundation Details:

 Step by step procedure:

• Draw a rectangle using command REC,
• choose first corner point and then specify the other corner point as @0.9,0.45
• Choose the line tool to a draw a centre line for the second footing from the centre of the top edge of the rectangle drawn, the other point of the line is provided as @0,0.4
• This line is the offsetted at distance of o.3 on either side and then the centre line is erased off.  Then the top point of the two line are joined temporarily 
• Following the above procedure third (the footing height is 0.3 and Offset distance is 0.25 on either side) And fourth footing height is 0.6 and offset distance is 0.2 on either side) is created.
• Trim off the portion between the top edges of 2nd and 3rd footing
• Now the wall portion is also drawn by tirst drawing the center line from the midpint of the footing (i.e first point will be the midpoint and the second point is @0,1.)
• This center line is then offsetted on either side at anoffset distance of 0.15 on either side and then the center line is erased off. After that the top points are then connected using line command to complete to figure.
• finally complete the figure by dimensioning it.

 Result:

C5: Isometric View Of Step:

  Step by step procedure:

• First type DS in command, this will lead to dialouge box named drafting setting in that  snap and grid option change the snap type to isometric 
• I have kept snap and grid setting is off
• Choose the line command from the staus bar
• specify the first point3,2
• Then by distance entry method input the distance one by one and complete the drawing in the isometric plane.
• Now again choose lije option and change to soplane top by pressing the key F5 and then continue entering the distance values.
• similarly comtinue drawing by switching between isoplane left and isoplane right
• Now this drawing is closed by usingline tool connecting between two ends.
• Complete the fugure by dimensioning it.
• Here dimension are changed to isometric view makes the extension lnes of linear dimension obilue.
• Select Annotate Tab -->Dimensions column-->Oblique
• The oblique angle is measured fron x axis of the UCS.
• Then changed all dimension are isometric vew 
• The isometric view steps is done.

  Result:

C6: Isometric View Of Gable Wall:

  Step by step procedure:

• First type DS in command, this will lead to dialouge box named drafting setting in that  snap and grid option change the snap type to isometric 
• I have kept snap and grid setting is off
• Choose the line command from the staus bar
• specify the first point 3,2
• Then by distance entry method input the distanc one by one and co,plete the drawing in the isometric plane.
• First chose isoplane right and enter 3 and press F5 and change to isoplane left and enter 0.3 and change direction to down and enter3.
• Now change to isoplane top and enter 1, then change to isoplane rifht and ente 2,42 and then towards right enter1.00
• Then towards right enter 1 and upwards enter 3 and change to isoplane left and enter 0.3.
• Now draw a centerline from midpoint of door portion in isoplane right to height of 0.83(i.e 3.25-2.42) and from that top point join both side of wall slantingly after this erase off the center line.
• And complete the figure dimensioning it.
• Here dimension are changed to isometric view makes the extension lnes of linear dimension obilue.
• Select Annotate Tab -->Dimensions column-->Oblique
• The oblique angle is measured fron x axis of the UCS.
• Then changed all dimension are isometric vew 
• The Isometric View of Gable Wall  is done.

  Result: