Creating 3D Isometric view of various structural elements in AutoCAD
AIM:
To create 3D Isometric view of various structural elements in AutoCAD.
INTRODUCTION:
The main objective of this project is to understand about AutoCAD 3D, applying materials and rendering.
AutoCAD is primarily used for generating 2D sketches. While it is possible to create 3D objects, AutoCAD is built around a flat, sketch-based interface. There is a wide range of pre-defined 3D objects in AutoCAD. These objects are cylinders, spheres and wedges and many more. But then users use 2D objects and modify them using the 3D commands accordingly. So, AutoCAD 3D commands like Extrude, Sweep, Revolve, Union are used by the users.
Also, the user must know the importance of the Viewport feature if they are working on 3D Models. The viewport command allows the user to split the drawing area into different windows to project multiple views of the model. These include the top, front, left/right views of the object. This feature works great for the user and helps them to observe the model from different aspects. some of the commonly used 3D tools is as follows:
Revolve
Draw> Modelling> Revolve
Extrude
Draw > Modeling > Extrude
This AutoCAD 3D Extrude command allows the user to create a 3D object by extruding a 2D face along a line or path. For example, A cylinder can be created by selecting a 2D circle and extruding it along with a path.
Sweep
Draw > Modeling > Sweep
This command helps the user to extrude the 2D objects without the 2D face being orthogonal to the beginning of the path.
Union
Modify > Solids Editing > Union
This AutoCAD 3D command allows the user to combine two objects converting them into one single object.
Subtract
Modify > Solids Editing > Subtract
This command is opposite to the union command; this command works when there is a common area in both the objects. Then this command subtracts the object A from the object B.
Intersect
Modify > Solid Editing > Intersect
With this AutoCAD 3D command, the user is left with the area that is common to both the objects.
RENDERING
Rendering is the process of creating a raster image based on the 3D objects in a scene. A renderer is used to calculate the appearance of the materials attached to the objects in a scene, and how lighting and shadows are calculated based on the lights placed in a scene. Environmental and exposure settings of the renderer can be adjusted to control the final rendered image.
APPLYING MATERIALS
- Click Visualize tab Materials panel Materials Browser. Find
- Select the objects which you want to assign the material.
- In the Materials Browser, right-click the material to assign and choose Assign to Selection.
The material is assigned to the objects.
Applying a material using the tool Palettes
- Click View tab Palettes panel Tool Palettes. Find
- On the Tool Palettes window, click a tab to set the tool palette current.
- Drag a material tool from the tool palette onto the object.
Applying a material by layer
Click Visualize tab Materials panel (expanded) Attach by Layer. Find
- In the Material Attachment Options dialog box, drag a material from the Materials list onto a layer in the Layers list.
The material is assigned to all objects on the layer whose Material property is set to ByLayer. (ByLayer is the default for the Material property when you create an object.)
To remove applied materials
- Click Visualize tab Materials panel (expanded) Remove Materials.
- Select an object whose material you want to remove.
The material is removed from the object and replaced by the ByLayer material.
TASK 1
Create a 3D Isometric View of the building with plan and elevation.
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Type UN and press enter Under Drawing Units, select Archetectural (feet and inches) Now the lower limit is set to 0', 0' and upper limit to 50', 50' Type Z enter to zoom and A enter to all. Now in settings selecting 3D Modelling and visual style control to 2D wireframe. A default layer for both dimension, windows,text and lines was choosen with a colour . |
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Using the line command the Plan, Elevation A and Elevation B was drawn. The walls and windows was placed in two respective layers. Using the DIMLIM command the dimensioning was completed. Using the single line text all the required texts was also made. |
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A copy of plan layout is taken to draw the 3D image. All the layers exept the wall and window layer was turned off. The south west ismetric view is made the default view. |
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Type BO to open the boundary command Dialogue box will open Click on > Pick a point Click on the internal portion of wall and press Click on the extrude option from from the home tab. Select object > Click on the walls Change the visual style control > Shaded |
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The next task is to project the windows for that: Type REC and draw a rectangle on top of the window. Click on the extrude option from from the home tab. Select object > Click on the rectangle Use the Extrude, Substract and union command to finish and place the window. In the similar way the other window was also created. Change the visual style control > Shaded |
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Creating Elevation Windows. Change the current layer to Window Frame. Type UCS and click on face and select the face having 3' wide window Draw a rectangle of dimension 3',4' Offset the rectangle to inside to distnce of 3" Offset the inside rectangle to inside at a distnce of 4" Click inside the window frame area and press enter In the same manner window mullion layer and window glass layer was made |
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Now using the MOVE command place the window at the correct position as shown. The floor area was also made into a region and a suitable colur color was provided to it. |
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RESULT: The 3D isometric view of the building is as shown. |
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TASK 2:
To create the 3D View of the Building Façade
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Type UN and press enter Under Drawing Units, select Archetectural (feet and inches) Now the lower limit is set to 0', 0' and upper limit to 50', 50' Type Z enter to zoom and A enter to all. Now in settings selecting 3D Modelling and visual style control to 2D wireframe. A default layer for both dimension, windows,text and lines was choosen with a colour. |
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Using the line command the Plan, Elevation A and Elevation B was drawn. The walls and windows was placed in two respective layers. Hatching with pattern was used to represent the walls. Using the DIMLIM command the dimensioning was completed. Using the single line text all the required texts was also made. |
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A copy of plan layout is taken to draw the 3D image. All the layers exept the wall and window layer was turned off. The south west ismetric view is made the default view. |
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Type BO to open the boundary command Dialogue box will open Click on > Pick a point Click on the internal portion of wall and press Click on the extrude option from from the home tab. Select object > Click on the walls Change the visual style control > Shaded |
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The next task is to project the windows for that: Type REC and draw a rectangle on top of the window. Click on the extrude option from from the home tab. Select object > Click on the rectangle Use the Extrude, Substract and union command to finish and place the window. In the similar way the other window was also created. Change the visual style control > Shaded |
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Creating Elevation Windows. Change the current layer to Window Frame. Type UCS and click on face and select the face having 3' wide window Draw a rectangle of dimension 3',4' Offset the rectangle to inside to distnce of 2" Offset the inside rectangle to inside at a distnce of 3" Click inside the window frame area and press enter In the same manner window mullion layer and window glass layer was made |
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| Now using the MOVE command place the window at the correct position as shown. |  |
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The building is made of four floors ans each floor layout is same. So the ground floor is copied and stacked on top of each other as shown |
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| The upper part of building was then drawn using line command, converted into region using the boundary command and finally extrude command was used to extent it |  |
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RESULTS: The 3D view of building facade was created. |
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TASK 3:
To create the ismoteric 3d view of a stair with railing
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Type UN and press enter Under Drawing Units, select Archetectural (feet and inches) Now the lower limit is set to 0', 0' and upper limit to 50', 50' Type Z enter to zoom and A enter to all. Now in settings selecting 3D Modelling and visual style control to 2D wireframe. A default layer for both dimension, windows,text and lines was choosen with a colour. |
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Using the line command the Plan and side Elevation was drawn. The walls and handrails was placed in two respective layers. Using the DIMLIM command the dimensioning was completed. Using the single line text all the required texts was also made |
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A copy of plan layout is taken to draw the 3D image. All the layers exept the wall layer was turned off. The south west ismetric view is made the default view. |
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Type BO to open the boundary command Dialogue box will open Click on > Pick a point Click on the internal portion of steps and press Enter Click on the extrude option from from the home tab. Select object > Click on the walls Change the visual style control > Shaded |
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To draw the hand rails. A circle of radius .75" was drawn. A circle with same centre and of radious .4" was drawn. .4" circle is extruded to a height of about 3'-2 and the .75" circle was extruded to a height of 2' The cylindircal tube of larger dia circle is raised to a height of about 6". Now a sphere of radius 1" was drawn placed at the centre of the larger dia cylinder. Using the Union command al of them was made into a single unit ans then it was placed on steps as required. Draw a polyline connecting all the top edges of hand rails. Draw a circle of diameter 2" on top of the first hand rail. Create a region of the circle drawn and do a Sweep command. Select the circle as object to sweep. Select the poly line drawn as path of sweep as shown in figure. Copy the same and place them at equal intervals as required. |
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| Type MAT to go to materials brower and after going through the samples provided suitable materials was applied to stairs and hand rails. |  |
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RESULTS: The staircase was made and after applying suitable materials is as shown. |
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TASK 4:
To create the 3D view of a Wall with spread footing, rendered view of the model.
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Type UN and press enter Under Drawing Units, select metric (millimeter) Now the lower limit is set to 0, 0 and upper limit to 100, 100 Type Z enter to zoom and A enter to all. Now in settings selecting 3D Modelling and visual style control to 2D wireframe. |
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Using the line command the Plan and section was drawn. All the respective materilas like dimenisons, walls, door etc was placed in the same layer. Hatch commands of texture and pattern was used for hatching Using the DIMLIM command the dimensioning was completed. Using the single line text all the required texts was also made |
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A copy of plan layout is taken to draw the 3D image. The south west ismetric view is made the default view. Type BO to open the boundary command Dialogue box will open Click on > Pick a point Click on the internal portion of footings and walls and press Enter Click on the extrude option from from the home tab. Select object > Click on the walls and footings The rectangle command, extrude command and subtract command was used to provide opening for wall. |
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| The layers was applied with different colors respectively for individual parts like sun shade, doors,footing and parapet etc. |  |
| Rendering was done next using the Mat command to open the materials browser. Materials was tested and suitable color combo was given to all the parts of the object |  |
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RESULT: The rendered final image of wall section is as shown. |
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RESULTS:
TASK 1:
The 3D isometric view of the building along with plan and elevations is as shown.
TASK 2:
The 3D view of building facade was created and is as shown
TASK 3:
The staircase was made in 3D and after applying suitable materials along with plan and section is as shown.
TASK 4:
The rendered final image of wall section was drawn along with plan and sectionand is as follows.