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Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis on a graphics card using Ansys Fluent. Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT): The analysis type Conjugate heat transfer (CHT) allows the simulation of the heat transfer between Solid and Fluid domains by exchanging thermal energy at…
Praveen Kumar
updated on 01 Jan 2020
Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT):
The analysis type Conjugate heat transfer (CHT) allows the simulation of the heat transfer between Solid and Fluid domains by exchanging thermal energy at the interfaces between them. Conjugate heat transfer corresponds with the combination of heat transfer in solids and heat transfer in fluids. In regular fluid analysis type, the temperature along the fluid region is alone calculated. The CHT helps to compute the heat transfer from the fluid region to solid region or vice versa. Some of the applications of CHT are heat sinks, Motorcycle's Air cooling Engine & cooling fan in computers.
Aim:
To perform steady-state CHT simulations on computer graphics card geometry studying the temperature characteristics of the heat sink & the processor using Ansys Fluent.
Procedures:
1:- Pre-Processing:
1.1 Solid Region Preparation:
This is the solid body model of a computer graphics card. This graphics card assembly consists of 3 main components. They are the processor, printed circuit board & a heat sink. Consider the velocity of the inlet air entering the duct is 5m/s with a temperature of 298k. The material of the heat sink we used in this case is aluminum. The processor emits 8.0e+7 W/m3 of energy which acts as a heat source for this case setup.
In order to effectively capture the Conjugate Heat Transfer between the solid & fluid regions, both solid & fluid regions should share the properties which could be done by enabling the Share Topology option. The above picture shows that the components shared their topology as there were no solid body overlaps detected.
2:- Solver Processing:
In this case, body sizing mesh to be done for both fluid & solid regions individually. So we will set up cases with a coarse mesh & a fine mesh. The triangle mesh type is used in both cases.
2.1.- Setting up Solver:
These cases are solved using a pressure-based solver.
In setting up physical models, we use realizable K-Epsilon under the Viscous model section.
2.2.1 Case-1 (Coarse Mesh):
Meshing:
In this case, the base element sizing was set to 4mm at the fluid region. In the solid region, the base mesh is set to 2mm. The below image shows us the total number of elements generated with this mesh size is 3,17,362Nos.
Post-processing:
Residual Plot:
The above figure shows us the velocity, energy & continuity curve with respect to the number of iterations.
Temperature at Heat Source(Processor):
The above figure shows us the temperature of the heat source (processor) with respect to the number of iterations.
Temperature at Heat Sink:
The above figure shows us the temperature of the heat sink with respect to the number of iterations.
2.2.2 Case-2 (Fine Meshing):
Meshing:
In this case, the base element sizing was set to 4mm at the fluid region. In the solid region, the base mesh is set to 2mm. The below image shows us the total number of elements generated with this mesh size is 4,01,175Nos.
Mesh Metric Element Quality Chart:
The above chart shows us the quality of mesh generated for this case setup. From the chart, we can see that the mesh generated in this setup is finer & in good condition to continue for the calculation.
Post-processing:
Residual Plot:
The above figure shows us the velocity, energy & continuity curve with respect to the number of iterations.
Temperature at Heat Source(Processor):
The above figure shows us the temperature of the heat source (processor) with respect to the number of iterations.
Temperature at Heat Sink:
The above figure shows us the temperature of the heat sink with respect to the number of iterations.
Temperature Contour at Solid Body:
The maximum temperature found is 700.03K in the throat region & minimum to be 507.30K. This is due to the high heat transfer occurs because of the fluid velocity at the throat region is high.
Velocity Pathlines:
The above figure shows us the velocity pathlines inside the duct of cpu's cabin. The maximum velocity found here is 12 m/s at the heat sink region.
Wall Heat Transfer Co-efficient at Heat Sink:
The Wall Heat Transfer Co-efficient is higher at the heat sink region for about 2225.39 W/K.m^2 this occurs due to more heat is dissipated to the air medium passing through the heat sink region at a higher velocity which helps to transfer the heat from the fluid at a higher rate.
Wall Heat Flux at Heat Sink:
The above image shows us the Wall heat flux contour along the wall. The negative sign in wall heat flux represents the heat is being removed from the fluid medium. The wall heat flux at the prob point is -5325.15 Wm^-2.
Results:
CHT Simulation Animation Clip of Temperature change on Graphics card:
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