Introduction: Otto cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that is developed by Nicoulas otto in 1876.This cycle is the basic working cycle for the spark ignition internal combustion engine.This cycle is an approximation of the real cycle used in automotive spark ignition engines.   Input variables:   `gamma=1.4`  …

Introduction: The genetic algorithm is inspired by the process that drives biological evolution. The process of evolution starts with the selection of fittest individuals from a population. Then they produce offspring which inherit the characteristics of the parents and will be added to the next generation. If parents…

Introduction: Curve fitting is the process of introducing mathematical relationships between dependent and independent variables in the form of an equation for a given set of data.                                       …

please see the following project link: https://projects.skill-lync.com/projects/Parsing-NASA-thermodynamic-Data-using-MATLAB-20507

Introduction: A simple  pendulum consist of a metal mass held by a string to a stationary wall.The mass oscillates because of gravity and its inertia when lifted and then left to fall.This oscillation can be modeled using second order differential equation. `b=0.05( Ns)/m` `g=9.81 m/s^2` `l=1m.` `m=1kg.` `theta=0…

Objective: write a program that extracts the 14 coefficients from given THERMO.DAT file Calculate the enthalpy, entropy and specific heat for all the species in the data file Calculate the molecular weight of each species and display it in the command window. Plot the Cp, Enthalpy and Entropy for the local temperature…

Objective: It is required to know the work space of Industrial robot which can be done by simulating and animating the links at various points. Introduction: Industrial robots perfom important role in the the modern industrial infrastructure,and in order to be able to plane the factory correctly ,the workspace of the robot…

please find the project at this link: https://projects.skill-lync.com/projects/solving-second-order-odes-67138

Objective: Studying the effect of drag force on a bike Introduction: Drag force is critical limiting factors that affects the performance of racing bike as it is propotional with the square of the speed according to the following equation: `fd=0.5*rho*(v^2)*cd*Area` A survey was done for the drag coefficienrts ,and from…

please see the following project link: https://projects.skill-lync.com/projects/Genetic-algorithm-26340

AIM: To plot a function using basic Simulink blocks and to run and study  a Simulink example ‘Suspension System Comparison’.   The function to be plotted is given as:  ``y(x)=(x-1)*(x-3)^2*(x-9)^2` Blocks used:     Constant block:Generates a constant value     Ramp block:Generate…

Aim: To simulate a Simulink model of a Doorbell using Solenoid block and observe the output Objective: To create a situation where the switch is closed for 2 seconds and then released. To observe the physical movement of the plunger. Introduction: Part 1: Doorbell A simple construction of a doorbell is as shown in…

please see the follwing project report:https://skill-lync.com/projects/simulink-door-bell-and-fan-control

AIM:  To make a Simulink model for evaluating shaping machine work done, equation solver and spring mass damper system comparison. OBJECTIVES : Generate a Simulink model for evaluating work done by a shaping machine. Generate a Simulink model to solve a given equation with multiple variables. Comparison of Spring…

AIM: To Implement control logic of a “washing machine” using Stateflow and to Make a Simulink chart for the “Gear shift” logic. THEORY: WASHING MACHINE: A washing machine (laundry machine, clothes washer, or washer) is a home appliance used to wash laundry. The…

AIM :  To study and analyze the BAJA All Terrain Vehicle (ATV) model using Simulink and compare between different models. OBJECTIVES :- To Prepare a technical report explaining the functions of the subsystems & blocks used for preparing the model To Explain in detail all the differences between all the five…

Please see the answer in the follwing project:https://skill-lync.com/projects/simulink-state-flow-modeling-of-washing-machine-and-gearbox

Please see the poject at the following link:https://skill-lync.com/projects/all-terrain-vehicle-simulink-project

Vehicle dynamic basic principles: 1, How many degrees of restraint does a solid axle suspension have? 2, Why do we need the suspension to gain negative camber in jounce? 3, What do you think would happen if roll center was At the CG Height. At the ground level. Below the ground level(Think in terms of loading and unloading).…

  1, Calculate the following geometric parameters.(18 points) Caster. Mechanical trail. Kingpin inclination Angle. Kingpin longitudinal offset. Scrub radius Kingpin lateral offset or spindle length 2, If the pneumatic trail is 25 mm and lateral force is 2000N, Calculate the restoring moment acting at the point where…

This challenge tests your understanding of roll center construction.Do these calculations manually (not using a suspension tool like Adamsor MotionSolve to enhance your understanding. It is advisable to do this exercise in excel sheet so that you can changehardpoints and study the effects. Also draw a rough sketch using…

1, Can you change the total lateral load transfer that occurs during cornering? If yes, how? 2, Does the spring contribute to roll stiffness or is it responsible only for vertical stiffness? 3, Why do we want the load transfer on the front axle to be higher than the load transfer on the rear axle? 4, Assume you have a…

1, What are the two types of tierod errors with respect to ride steer? And what is the effect of these errors on the toe curve? 2, If we have toe out in rebound (due to bump steer) in the rear suspension, is this an understeer effect or an oversteer effect? 3, If there were no bushings at all in the suspension (all components…

1, Calculate the following parameters. Use the same front and rear spring rates for all three load conditions.The front sprung mass natural frequency target at half load is 1.15 Hz. Keep this fixed(20 points)  Recommended rear sprung mass frequency based on speed and wheelbase at half load condition (2 points) Front…

please see the following matlab file: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MkUdwyVB7UF0fyGJ9vW0XogQRE-GdxwI/view?usp=sharing  code: clear all close all clc spring_rate=20000 spring_rate_rear=30000 tire_rate=250000 sprung_mass_damping_ratio=0.7 unsprung_mass_damping_ratio=0.2 rebound_to_compression_ratio=3 knee_speed=50…

1, Calculate the following parameters(12 points) Front end deflection under load. Rear end deflection under load. Pitch angle. Pitch gradient. 2, Use the IC location information to calculate the following(18 points) Front anti-lift angle. Rear anti-squat angle. Front swing arm angle for 100% anti-lift. Rear swing arm angle…

Please note: Front Ride Rate: 200 lb/in Rear Ride Rate: 250 lb/in   1,Calculate the following parameters: (i) Roll moment (ft-lb/g) (ii) Roll gradient (deg/g) (iii) Load transfer due to roll or elastic component (lb/g) (iv) Front roll stiffness (ft-lb/deg) at wheel center level (hint: isolate the tire contribution)…

 please see the following project: https://skill-lync.com/projects/vehicle-dynamics-week-3-set-2

please see the following project: https://skill-lync.com/projects/vehicle-dynamics-week-3-set-3

 Introduction: Objective: In this project a first order selection of spring,antirollbar,and Instantaneous centers for the suspension links is performed   Excel sheet calculation flow:Note:Detailed equations are in the excel sheet Ride frequency 1-inputs are declared, with an assumed front and rear spring…

Questions: 1a, These questions test conceptual knowledge. Answer in a sentence or two in your own words. A textbook definition is not necessary (2 points each for a total of 10 points) Calculate the tire stiffness. Tire size – 275/40R18, Free radius is 13.33 inches and loaded radius is 12.36 inches Explain in your…

1-combined slip: Matlab code:   clear all close all clc   fz = 4000;  mu = 0.85;  lt = 0.2;   kt = 3500000; ky = 2500000   cs=0.5*kt*(lt)^2 ca=0.5*ky*(lt)^2   alpha=linspace(2,10,5)   sr=linspace(0,1,100)   for j=1:length(alpha)     alpha_rad=alpha(j)*(pi/180)…

Question: How different slip angles (0 deg, 2 deg, 4 deg and 6 deg) influence the force (Fx and Fy) vs slip ratio relationship (sweep from 0 to 60%). How different slip ratios (0%, 3%, 6% and 9%) influence the force (Fx and Fy) vs slip angle relationship (sweep from 0 to 20 deg). Use the modified slip approach. Develop…

  Questions: What is the difference between deterministic and stochastic models/methods? Which one would you use to study road profiles Explain Fourier transform in your own words Explain PSD in your own words What are the three main aspects of suspension performance evaluation that we discussed How many degrees of…

Question:   Plot showing ISO classification for roads A through H (Use higher end of range for degree of roughness) (10 points) Plot showing the PSD profile (10 points) Overlay of PSD profile on ISO classification and determination of road quality (5 points) Error free Octave code (5 points)   Answer: Matlab…

Question: The sprung parts of a passenger car weigh 11.12 kN (2500 Ib) and the unsprung parts weight 890 N (200 lb). The combined stiffness of the suspension springs is 45.53 kN/m (260 lb/in.) and that of the tires is 525.35 kN/m (3000 lb/in.) (use the mass and stiffness as is – no need to divide) Determine the two…

Question: An independent front suspension of a passenger car carries a mass (sprung mass) of 454.5 kg (or an equivalent weight of 1000 Ib). The suspension spring rate is 22 kN/m (125 lb/in.). The mass of the tire wheel assembly (unsprung mass) is 45.45 kg (or an equivalent weight of 100 lb) and the equivalent tire stiffness…

Question: Owing to the wide separation of the natural frequency of the sprung parts from that of the unsprung parts, the bounce and pitch motions of the vehicle body and the wheel motions exist almost independently. The sprung parts of a vehicle weigh 9.79 kN (2200 lb), its center of gravity is 106.7 cm (42 in.) behind…

Questions: In a K&C testing/simulation , does damper characteristics matter? Why or why not? If the steer angle needed to negotiate a turn equals Ackermann angle, is this understeer or oversteer? What is body side slip angle? Define settling time Calculate rise time for the system f(t)=20/(s+20) What happens to overshoot…

Questions: Determine the following: (2 points each except for the first question)  Ackermann steer angles for 500, 200 and 50 ft radius (3 points) Understeer gradient Characteristic speed Lateral acceleration gain at 60 mph Yaw velocity gain at 60 mph Slideslip angle at the CG on an 800 ft radius turn at 60 mph.…

Question: . Calculate the following parameters for both using formulas Undamped natural frequency (Hz) (3 points) Damping ratio (3 points) Damped frequency (Hz) (2 points) Rise time(2 points) Plot the unit step response of the system for lateral speed, lateral acceleration and yaw rate (5 points) Plot…

Question: The goal here is to obtain the ratio between the rear and front steer angles to obtain zero side slip angle and plot the relationship between that ratio and forward speed. Following are the steps to solve this problem Start with state space representation of 4WS Assume steady state (some changes are necessary…

Introduction: Objective: In this project a first order selection of antiroll bar diameter and kinematic and compliance parameters is achieved   Excel sheet calculation flow: Note: Detailed equations are in the excel sheet Anti roll bar: 1-distance cg from front axle calculated 2-distance x and h_arm is calculated…

please see answer at: https://skill-lync.com/projects/vehicle-dynamics-week-11b

please see answer at: https://skill-lync.com/projects/vehicle-dynamics-week-11c

please see the answer at: https://skill-lync.com/projects/vehicle-dynamics-final-project

Questions: 1.Define degree of freedom. 2.How many degrees of restraint does a ball joint provide? 3.In a suspension, are five links necessary to provide five degrees of restraint? Answers: 1.Degrees Of Freedom is defined as the number of independent translational and rotational movements a link can have relative to another…

Question: 1.Consider two suspension geometries – one with long virtual swing arms in both front and side view and the other with shorter swing arms. In which case would you expect a higher variation of front and side view parameters? Answer: Suspension geometry with shorter swing arm would show higher variation of…

Questions Why is camber gain necessary? 2.Why can’t the loss of camber during cornering be recovered by adding static camber gain? 3.You are tasked with choosing between a double wishbone setup and a McPherson strut setup for a vehicle. Purely from a handling perspective, which one would you chose and why? (No right…

Questions: 1.If the roll center height increases what happens to body roll? 2.How will the rolling and non-rolling moment be affected when the roll center is,                      1.At the ground plane                  …

This challenge tests your understanding of roll center construction. Do these calculations manually (not using a suspension tool like Adams or MotionSolve to enhance your understanding. It is advisable to do this exercise in excel sheet so that you can change hardpoints and study the effects. Also draw a rough sketch using…

please see excel sheet: https://skill-lync.com/student-projects/roll-center-height-excel

Questions: 1.Can you completely prevent the rear spring from extension during braking? (at least theoretically) If yes, explain how 2.What is the maximum anti-squat that the rear suspension of a front wheel drive car have? 3.What is the front suspension anti-dive angle needed to produce 30% anti-dive in a vehicle with…

Questions: 1.Why is negative caster undesirable? 2.Why is too much positive caster undesirable? 3.What are the effects of a high kinpin lateral offset 4.For reverse Ackermann, does the outer wheel steer more or less than the inner wheel? 5.If the turn center for the front wheels is at a distance of 4000 mm behind the front…

1, Calculate the following geometric parameters.(18 points) Caster. Mechanical trail. Kingpin inclination Angle. Kingpin longitudinal offset. Scrub radius Kingpin lateral offset or spindle length 2, If the pneumatic trail is 25 mm and lateral force is 2000N, Calculate the restoring moment acting at the point where kingpin…

please see project at: https://skill-lync.com/student-projects/steering-geometry-excel

Questions: 1.If there were no bushings at all in the suspension (all components are hard mounted), would you still have compliance in the system? If yes, where is this coming from? 2.In a front mounted rack setup, if the suspension links are more compliant than the steering, would you have an understeer effect or an oversteer…

Question: 1.Why is the wheel rate usually different from the spring rate? 2.Why is the ride rate different from the wheel rate? 3.Can you use the same amount of damping for I.Low and high frequency regions II.Compression and rebound 4.Why does the rear ride frequency need to be higher than the front? 5.For improved vibration…

please see project at: https://skill-lync.com/projects/ride-theory

1, Calculate the following parameters. Use the same front and rear spring rates for all three load conditions.The front sprung mass natural frequency target at half load is 1.15 Hz. Keep this fixed(20 points)  Recommended rear sprung mass frequency based on speed and wheelbase at half load condition (2 points) Front…

please the following project: https://skill-lync.com/student-projects/ride-matlab

  please see the following matlab file: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MkUdwyVB7UF0fyGJ9vW0XogQRE-GdxwI/view?usp=sharing  code: clear all close all clc   spring_rate=20000 spring_rate_rear=30000   tire_rate=250000 sprung_mass_damping_ratio=0.7 unsprung_mass_damping_ratio=0.2 rebound_to_compression_ratio=3…

please see project at: https://skill-lync.com/student-projects/damper-theory

Sign convention: Wheels points outward is positive   Steps: -McPherson suspension is created from Mdi front suspension and Mdi front steering     -Then parallel wheel analysis is setup by specifying number of steps and bump and rebound travel -then changes are made to the lower control arm ball joint height…

Steps: -open adams in template builder mode -then a template is opened   -Then get the double wishbone template from a_car shared     -then templat is saved in directory -then adams car standard interface is used   -then new sub system is created using the saved template ,and its role is set to front…

please see project at: https://skill-lync.com/projects/adams-suspension-creation

   STEPS: -assembly is opened -then parallel wheel travel simulation is run and number of steps and wheel bump and rebound specified Then toe angle vs. wheel travel graph is plotted -then graph title was added -then x-axis label was changed Then y-axis label was changed Then the plot line was changed by adding…

please see project at: https://skill-lync.com/projects/adams-postprocessor

Steps: -first a double wishbone assembly is opened -then parallel wheel simulation is run -then x-axis data was chosen as wheel travel vertical left   -then y-axis data was chosen as camber angle   1-modifying hard points: -then HPL_LCA_outer was modified from table from 100 to 110 mm -then simulation was rerunned…

Steps: -First sla suspension is opened -then original hard points table are compared with the given had points -then parallel wheel travel analysis is performed -then x variable is chosen which is wheel travel -then y axis variable was chosen which is fvsa length -then curve was plotted -it showed that Fvsa length is 2914…

steps: -First lca suspension was opened -then parallel wheel travel simulation is performed -then wheel travel x-variable is selected -then y-variable was selected as wheel rate -then curve was plotted -it shows that wheel rate is 14.3649 n/mm Wheel rate calculation: Hpl_lca_front 400 HPL_LCA_OUTER 750 HPL_LWR_STRUT_MOUNT…

Steps: -first Lca suspension is opened -then steering simulation is performed -the simulation is driven by the rack which is specified to have maximum travel of 85 mm in both directions ,in order to do that length has to be chosen from steering input -then x-axis variable is chosen to be the steer angle -then y-axis variable…

Steps: -First sla suspension opened -Then parallel wheel simulation was performed   -then hardpoint table was changed Original table modified hard point table -then x axis input variable is chosen for all the curves which is wheel travel -then curves are plotted by choosing the y axis variable as required in the assignment…

please see project at: https://skill-lync.com/student-projects/adams-assignments-problem-4-steering-geometry-2-14

Adams sign convention: Steps: -First rear multilink suspension is created -then static load simulation is made -first brake static load analysis is performed with 5000 newton braking force -then x axis input variable was chosen which wheel base travel -then y-axis input variable was chosen as toe angle -then the brake…

please see project at: https://skill-lync.com/projects/adams-assignments-problem-5-compliance-11

Project Deliverables Perform hardpoint tuning to achieve the target acceleration and braking pitch gradients for Double Wishbone Suspension at the front and Multilink Suspension at the rear. Adams Plot showing effect of tuning (overlay curves). Completed Excel Sheet. Project targets and coonstraints: Introduction: Pitch…

please see project at: https://skill-lync.com/student-projects/adams-project-hardpoint-tuning-to-achieve-pitch-gradient-targets-using-suspension-anti-characteristics-10