Understanding Different Battery Chemistry
| Type of Battery | Cathode | Anode | Electrolyte | Separator | Reactions Involved |
| Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) | `Li_xCoO_2` | Lithilated Graphite, `Li_xC_6` | `LiPF_6` & Ethylene Carbonate | Graphene |
At Anode: `LiC_6-> xLi^++ xe^(-) +C_6` At Cathode: `Li_(1-x)CoO_2+xLi^++xe^(-)->LiCoO_2` Overall Reaction: `C_6+LiCoO_2 harrLi_xC_6+Li_(1-x)CoO_2` |
| Lithium-ion Manganese Oxide (LMO) | spinel `LiMn_2O_4`, Layered rock salt structure `LiMnO_3` | Graphite | Lithium Halide | Polyolefin |
At Anode: `xLiC_6+Mn^(2+)->xLi^++xe^(-)+xC_6+Mn^0` At Cathode: `Li_(1-x)Mn_(1-x)^(3+)Mn_(1+x)^(4+)O_4+xLi^++xe^(-)->LiMn^3+Mn^4` Overall Reaction: `Li_(1-x)Mn_(1-x)^(3+)Mn_(1+x)^(4+)O_4+2LiC_6+Mn^(2+)+harrLiMn^(3+)Mn^(4+)O_4+xC_6+Mn^0` |
| Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide (NCA) | `LiNiCoAlO_2` with `(approx 9% Co)` | Graphite | Ethylene Carbonate | Polyolefin |
At Anode: `xLiC_6->xLi^++xe^(-)+XC_6` At Cathode: `NiCoAlO_2+xLi^++xe^(-)->NiCoAlO_2` Overall Reaction: `C_6+NiCoAlO_2harrLi_xC_6+Li_(1-x)NiCoAlO_2` |
| Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) | `LiNiMnCoO_2` | Graphite | Lithium Salt | Polyolefin |
At Anode: `Li_xC_6->xLi^++xe^(-)+6C` at Cathode: `Li_(1-x)Ni_(1-x-y)Mn_xCo_yO_2harrLiNiMnCoO_2+C_6` |
| Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) | `LiFePO_4` | Graphite | Ethylene Carbonate | Polyolefin |
At Anode: `LiC_6->Li^++e^(-)+C_6` At Cathode: `LiFe(III)PO_4+xLi^++xe^(-)->LiFe(II)PO_4` `FePO_4+Li^++e^(-)->LiFePO_4` Overall Reaction: `LiFePO_4+6C->LiC_6+FePO_4` |
| Lithium Titanate (LTO) | `LiMn_2O_4`/`LiNiMnCoO_2`/`LiFePO_4` | `Li_2TiO_3`Titanate Oxide, `Li_4Ti_5O_12` | Lithium Salt | Polyolefin |
At Anode: `Li_7Ti_5O_12+LiC_6+Li4Ti_5O_12->4Li^+4e^(-)+C_6` At Cathode: `4FePO_4+4Li^++4e^(-)->4LiFePO_4` Overall Reaction: `LiC_6+Li_7Ti_5O_12+4FePO_4+Li_4Ti_5O_12harr4LiFePO_4+C_6` |