Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit
Ans1:- GENRATOR- a generator is a device that converts motive power (mechanical energy) into electrical power for use in an external circuit. Sources of mechanical energy include steam turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, internal combustion engines, wind turbines and even hand cranks.Electtic genrator, also called dynamo, any machine that converts mechanical energy to electricity for transmission and distribution over power lines to domestic, commercial, and industrial customers. Generators also produce the electrical power required for automobiles, aircraft, ships, and trains.
Junction block:-A junction block, or terminal block, provides a convenient point for all wiring in a vehicle. This central location helps provide electrical power to various systems in a tidy manner. Terminal blocks prevent shorts, eliminate wire splicing and also conserve panel space.
Fuse:- a fuse is an electrical safety device that operates to provide overcurrent protection of an electrical circuit. Its essential component is a metal wire or strip that melts when too much current flows through it, thereby stopping or interrupting the current.
Battery:-An electric vehicle battery is a battery used to power the electric motors of a battery electric vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle. These batteries are usually rechargeable batteries, and are typically lithium-ion batteries. These batteries are specifically designed for a high ampere-hour capacity.Lithium-ion batteries are currently used in most portable consumer electronics such as cell phones and laptops because of their high energy per unit mass relative to other electrical energy storage systems.
Voltage and current regulator:- voltage regulator, any electrical or electronic device that maintains the voltage of a power source within acceptable limits. The voltage regulator is needed to keep voltages within the prescribed range that can be tolerated by the electrical equipment using that voltage. Such a device is widely used in motor vehicles of all types to match the output voltage of the generator to the electrical load and to the charging requirements of the battery while current regulator usually involve variations in voltage/resistance to achieve the required current output.
Ignition coil:- An ignition coil is an induction coil in an automobile's ignition system that transforms the battery's voltage to the thousands of volts needed to create an electric spark in the spark plugs to ignite the fuel.
Ans2:- 1.FUSE
purpose:-The fuse breaks the circuit if a fault in an appliance causes too much current to flow. This protects the wiring and the appliance if something goes wrong. The fuse contains a piece of wire that melts easily.
Working:-The fuses work on the principle of the heating effect of the current.Fuse is always connected in series with the electrical circuit.When the excessive current or heat is generated due to heavy current flows in the circuit, the fuse melts down due to the low melting point of the element and it opens the circuit.
2. BATTERY
Purpose:-A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy.
Working:-The heart of an electric car is its battery.Battery electric vehicles, or BEVs, use electricity stored in a battery pack to power an electric motor and turn the wheels.When depleted, the batteries are recharged using grid electricity, either from a wall socket or a dedicated charging unit.
3. GENRATOR
Purpose:-electric generator, also called dynamo, any machine that converts mechanical energy to electricity for transmission and distribution over power lines to domestic, commercial, and industrial customers. Generators also produce the electrical power required for automobiles, aircraft, ships, and trains.
Working:-Electric generators work on the principle of electromagnetic induction.A conductor coil (a copper coil tightly wound onto a metal core) is rotated rapidly between the poles of a horseshoe type magnet. The conductor coil along with its core is known as an armature. The armature is connected to a shaft of a mechanical energy source such as a motor and rotated. The mechanical energy required can be provided by engines operating on fuels such as diesel, petrol, natural gas, etc. or via renewable energy sources such as a wind turbine, water turbine, solar-powered turbine, etc. When the coil rotates, it cuts the magnetic field which lies between the two poles of the magnet. The magnetic field will interfere with the electrons in the conductor to induce a flow of electric current inside it.
Ans3:- Fuse is equal to 125% of the rated current
Ans4:- lithium-ion batteries are the mainstream battery cells for EVs.but this is only 3.6 V per cell. Normally four modules are connected in series and in parallel,and ine with 7.2 V is used as ine module
Battery capacities of current EVs from a mere 17.6KWh in the smart EQ for two with a range of just 58 miles, upto 100KWh in the tesla model Sand model X thant can run for over 300 miles before needing a charge.
Ans5:- ammeter and fuel guage are connected in parallel.
Ans6:- battery and starter connected in series because assuming it is a 12V starter you connect with two 12V batteries in parallel. Normally you wouldn't need to do that. But there are some reasons why you would. If it is extremely cold a battery can provide less ampere range than normal, so adding a second battery in parallel would help.