• The lectures in this course will refresh you with the basics of C Language that you have already learnt during your high school, such as the bitwise operators, storage classes, preprocessor directives, conditional compilation, functions, pointers, structure union, file handling, dynamic memory allocation, command line arguments, etc. 
• A complete review on Data Structures and its implementation is given as all the embedded systems need to store data in a systematic manner. 
• The bridge between embedded C and C programming language is explained and it is also shown how C plays a major role in Embedded systems as well as in certain critical applications.
• An introduction to MISRA C guidelines is explained as it aims to facilitate code safety, security, portability and reliability in the context of embedded systems and other concepts of C such as modular programming and make utility and debugging which are exposed.
• The topics covered in this course are:
  • Bitwise Operators, storage classes,Preprocessor directives,Conditional Compilation
  • Functions
  • Pointers
  • Structure Union
  • File Handling
  • Dynamic Memory allocation
  • Command Line Arguments
  • Data Structures Implementation
  • Modular Programming and Make Utility
  • Concepts of Debugging
  • Introduction to MISRA C guidelines

• In this course, electronic components used in embedded systems are explained such as DIO , Analog, Serial Communication, Delay Generation Connecting Sensors and Actuators to AVR peripherals, Timer, PWM, Serial Communication and Interrupt, Project Signal Processing/Control Application
• An exercise on design is given to the students which helps them learn these concepts with fun. The students are asked to exhibit their ideas by creating a quick prototype. This makes the session interactive.
• The introduction and fundamentals of ARM is explained. 
• The following topics are explained in this course:
  • DIO,Analog,Serial Communication,Delay Generation
  • Connecting Sensors and Actutors to AVR peripherals
  • DIO,Analog,Timer,PWM,Serial Communication and Interrupt

• Bare metal programming is often referred to as programming without the assistance of an operating system in a microcontroller/embedded system, Arduino IDE is one such example. Lectures related to this topic helps you understand in detail about the microcontroller on chip peripherals such as Serial communication, EEPROM
• The Data Sheets explain the microcontrollers capabilities, electrical and mechanical characteristics, and the peripherals it contains and how to interact with these along with the register interface provided. The usage of Data Sheet for writing 8 bit Microcontroller Drivers is taught.
• The topics covered in this course are:
  • Reading Datasheets
  • DIO,ADC,TIMER
  • SERIAL Communication,EEPROM

• In this course, you will learn how to set up an environment for the microcontroller, study in depth the core microprocessor features, internal architecture of ARM Cortex M3/M4. The architecture of memory and stack, the study of interrupts and exception handling is being practiced so as to use these concepts in BSP.
• A board support package (BSP) is essential code for a particular computer hardware device which makes the device work with the computer's OS (operating system). This consists of a small program called a boot loader or boot manager that places the OS and device drivers into memory, concepts and examples of BSP are explained
• The topics covered in this course are:
  • Setting Up the Environment
  • Internal Architecture of ARM Cortex M3/M4
  • Board Supporting Package Examples
  • Memory Architecture and Stack
  • Interrupts and Exception Handling
  • OS feature of Cortex M3/M4

• A tour on the hardware and software components and the setting up of the hardware/software environment along with the driver implementation such as GPIO, Serial Communication (UART, I2C, SPI), CAN driver implementation.
• Introduction to the hardware abstraction layer (HAL), this helps the computer OS to communicate with the hardware device at an abstract level. 
• The CCU helps the system with the power unit and hence the modes of supply to the embedded system is learnt.
• Lectures on other communication prototypes such as LIN, Flexray, Ethernet, J1939, XCP are explained.
• A complete description of the CAN is demonstrated as communication takes place without the presence of the host computer, this is used in automotive and industrial applications. The basic Protocols, driver implementation, data analysis tool, and CAN nodes simulation 
• A task is given for students as they familiarize with the writing device drivers for 32 - bit microcontrollers. 
• The topics covered in this program are:
  • Setting Up Hardware S/w Environment
  • Understanding MCU Memory, clock,Interfaces
  • GPIO Driver Implementation
  • Serial Communication Driver Implementation (UART,I2C,SPI)
  • Introduction to Hardware Abstraction Layer
  • GPT ,CCU,PWM
  • Interrupts Powermodes,DMA
  • CAN Protocol Basics
  • CAN Driver Implementation
  • Lectures on Other Communication Protocol (LIN,Flexray,Ethernet,J1939,XCP)
  • Introduction to CAN Data Analysis tools
  • CAN Nodes Simulation

• RTOS is a real time operating system that helps in real time applications, wherein the data gets processed as and when it comes in. These are the topics covered under RTOS on ARM which will give you a strong interpretation on how the OS works and helps you understand the basics of RTOS - Introduction to RTOS (FreeRTOS), basic OS Concepts, real time Kernel on ARM Processor, boot Sequence, setting up the FreeRTOS Environment, installing Debugging tools, FreeRTOS Task Creation.
• The output by learning these topics help you to interlink the usage of free RTOS with ARM
• Context switching, scheduling algorithms, threads and control blocks, queue management,  are the terms which help the RTOS to function
• The topics covered in this course are:
  • Intoduction to RTOS (FreeRTOS)
  • Basic OS Concepts
  • Real time Kernal on ARM Processor
  • Boot Sequence
  • Setting up the FreeRTOS Environment,installing Debugging tools
  • FreeRTOS Task Creation
  • Threads,Thread Control Block,
  • Schedular,Scheduling Algorithm
  • Context Switching
  • Os Porting Consideration
  • Kernel Style Coding
  • Task State, Interrupt Priority,Hook Function
  • Scheduling policies
  • Queue Management
  • Semaphore and Mutual Exclusion

• An embedded Linux refers to a situation where an embedded system works on an operating system based on the Linux kernel. The topics which will be covered are the following:
• The topics covered in this course are:
  • Linux Architechture
  • Embedded Development Environment, Tool Chain Config
  • Platform Functional block overview
  • Linux Booting Process,Linux Device Tree
  • Busy Box
  • Buildroot
  • Introduction to Embedded System Application
  • SBC GPIO headers and mode config registers
  • Interfacing GPIO Components to SBC
  • I2C interfacing,Understanding DDRAM
• Once you cover these topics, you will be able to port LINUX in SBC and create embedded applications based on LINUX. 

• The Linux driver is developed with the help of C Language, in a different form and not the C that we use in our codes. While the driver is a program running in the kernel, we use the library functions in the kernel.
• These are the topics that are covered in this course
1. Fundamentals of Linux kernel modules, 
2. User Space Debugging, 
3. Kernel Programming, 
4. Character Device Driver Development, 
5. Platform bus, Platform driver, Platform Driver implementation, 
6. Device Tree nodes, Overlays, Linux Driver model, 
7. Embedded Linux Using Yocto, 
8. Block Device Driver,SP, I2C Driver, 
9. USB Device Driver,
10. Network Device Driver, 
11. Memory management and Synchronization in kernel programming, 
12. Linux System Calls
• The students are asked to implement a Character Device driver to ensure 
• Once the following topics are covered you will be well versed with Linux device driver development.

• Importance of mathematical modelling
• Block diagram approach & model-based design for engineering systems
• Introduction to Simulink environment
• Creating a simple model
• Obtaining results
• Introduction to various Simulink toolboxes

• How does a model run in Simulink?
• Types of solvers
• Model configuration
• Continuous & discrete-time systems
• Timestep
• Solving ODE
• Introduction to physical modelling using simscape

• Using a script file with Simulink models
• Creating a subsystem
• Variant subsystem
• Projects
• Template
• lookup tables
• Running simulation in steps

• Control logic for engineering applications
  
• Using a finite state machine
• Making logic diagrams

• Vehicle power requirement calculations: Rolling resistance, air drag, hill climbing and acceleration forces
• Driving patterns and vehicle testing standards, important terms and definitions related to driving cycle, Energy expenditure calculation

• Different configurations of power train components: Battery Electric Vehicle, Hybrid Electric Vehicle: Series, Parallel and Series-Parallel 
• MATLAB Simulation: ADVISOR and Powertrain block set
• Various modelling options, Control strategies 

In a motor vehicle, the powertrain or powerplant comprises the main components that generate power and deliver that power to the road. In hybrid powertrains, the torque generated by the combustion engine and the electric motor has to be brought together and distributed to the wheels. The control of this power flow is discussed along with the working of electric motors.

Electrical engineering terminologies, Fundamentals of DC and AC motors: working principle, characteristics, and control.

• Understanding power electronics, basic DC converter circuit operation, power devices, switching losses 
• Power electronic control of PMDC, PMBLDC and induction motor
• Inverter operation, Sine PWM, Variable frequency control
• Review of induction motor controller, connections and features, limitations of variable frequency control, introduction to vector control 

Moving vehicles have a lot of kinetic energy, and when brakes are applied to slow a vehicle, all of that kinetic energy has to go somewhere. Regenerative braking uses an electric vehicle’s motor as a generator to convert much of the kinetic energy lost when decelerating back into stored energy in the vehicle’s battery. To evaluate regenerative braking, we really need to look at two different parameters, efficiency and effectiveness.

• Braking requirements of vehicle, Methods of braking of DC & Induction motors: regenerative braking and dynamic braking  
• Coordinating electrical and mechanical brakes, braking control strategies

The topics that will be covered in this segment are –

• Electric vehicle architectures
• Types of electric motor for propulsion
• Motor sizing
• Factors affecting choice of motor for EVs

• Equivalent circuit and electromagnetic torque equation of PM DC motor
• Operating characteristics
• Mathematical modelling using MATLAB & simulink
• Chopper circuit & its control
• Limitation of brushed type PM motor

• Three phase system & Transformation theory

• Clark’s and Park’s transformation

•  

  Principle of operation

• Electronic commutation

• Torque production

• Mathematical model of PMBLDC and PMSM motors

• Background of digital control in power electronics
• Three phase inverter circuit configuration
• Speed and current sensors

• Working of a programmable device
• Internal memory and peripherals
• Different programming methods
• Popular hardware targets for power converter control applications

• Need for high end microcontroller based control

• Texas Instruments C2000 family MCU for motor control

• Overview of C2000 hardware architecture

• Introduction to programming 

• Important features
• Time period and duty cycle calculations
• Sub modules and configuration
• Review of software API
• Simulink model and configuration

• Important features
• Block diagram
• Sample & hold
• Start & end of conversion
• Review of software API
• Simulink model and configuration

• Control strategies for BLDC and PMSM
• Open loop & closed loop control
• PWM-Hysteresis-space vector control methods
• Modeling control method using Simulink
• Electric vehicle drive cycle simulation

• Simulink environment for embedded programming
• Using embedded coder for motor control application
• Hardware in the loop setup & results

• Introduction and BMS functionality.

• Why BMS?

• Block Diagram of Typical BMS.

• Basic Functionalities Of BMS

• Li-ion Battery properties

• Cell Voltage Monitor

• Cell Voltage Balancing

• Fuel gauge monitor

• Temp monitors

• ARM Cortex M3/M4 Architecture

• STM32F4 Discovery

• S32K144/S32K146/S32K148

• Some basic GPIO coding experiment in ARM Cortex M4 MCU

• Communication Protocols we used in Battery Management System.

• UART

• SPI

• I2C

• CAN

• Real-time clock (RTC)

• Temperature monitors

• Hands on experience on understanding the datasheet and writting the generic driver file for RTC.

• PCF85363A Tiny Real-Time Clock

• Cutoff FETs & FET Drivers

• Fuel gauge monitor

• Hands on experience on reading the datasheet for fuel guage monitor IC.

• Understanding the datasheet of LTC6811-2 IC from Analog Devices.

• Understanding the datasheet of LTC2944 IC from Analog Devices.

• Cell voltage monitor

• Cell voltage balance

• Types of balancing

• Active balancing

• Passive balancing

• How we can implement passive balancing

• Understanding one Voltage Monitor IC datsheet.

• Task Create

• Task Control

• Semaphore

• Mutex

• Queue

• Some Practicals Coding examples for RTOS.

• Semaphore Example

• Mutex Example

• TCP/IP Config

• SSL Config

• MQTT Config

• MQTT Open

• MQTT Subscribe

• MQTT Publish

   

• HTTP Config

• HTTP Connect

• HTTP Disconnect

• Practicals coding examples for MQTT & HTTP using Quectel LTE Module

• GPS Satellites in view

• Global Positioning System Fix Data

• Track Made Good and Ground Speed

• Recommended Minimum Specific GPS/TRANSIT Data

• GPS DOP and Active Satellites

• Practical coding examples for GSM/GPRS and GNSS module, and how we can fetch the co-ordinates from raw data.

• Amazon AWS

• Amazon EC2

• Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)

• AWS Lambda

• Practical real life case study and use of Amazon AWS for Firmware Update and Data Logger.

• Boot loader

• Normal OTA Update

• A/B Swap OTA Update

• Understanding the flash memory where we can store the bootloader

• Whole working block diagram of Bootloader

• Understanding the whole working principle for Bootloader and Firmware. 

• Embedded C/C++ Questions

• ARM Architecture Based Questions

• CAN, I2C, SPI, and UART.

• RTOS based questions.

• Multiple choice coding questions

• Interview questions

• Coding test questions

• Why is modelling necessary?

• Importance of simulation for engineering design

• Application of embedded system

• Components of an embedded system

• Challenges with programming embedded system

• Recent trends in programming embedded system

• Getting started with Altair embed

• Demo covering simulation features of Altair Embed

• Block diagram of an embedded system
• Different methods of programming
• An insight to Arduino Uno hardware platform
• Hands on practice:
  • Using GPIO & blinking two LEDs
  • Changing LED intensity with PWM output
  • Reading room temperature with ADC input via serial terminal

• Creating compound block
• Scalar to vector conversion
• Data types and their conversion
• Import and export
• Adding expressions inside the diagram
• Hands on practice:
  •  LED On-Off control based on temperature

• Modeling simple and linear differential equation
• A look at toolbox blocks
• Transfer function and state space blocks
• Root locus and frequency response
• Concepts of Processor in loop (PIL) and Hardware in loop (HIL)
• Hands on practice:
  • Speed control of DC motor with L293 driver