Introduction to National Building Code and Steps in a Construction project

1)

• The main purpose of building codes is to protect the public from mistakes done during the construction and design stage. Building codes are important because they ensure that contractors , architects and civil engineers are making their structures as safe as posiible before the residents start living. Safety and well being of the residents is the ultimate goal of these regulations.
• Role of building codes is to provide minimum standards to protect the public health, safety, and well being as they relate to the construction and occupancy of the buildings.
• It ensures protection from fire incidents and structural collapse. These codes help build the standards in all aspects of building construction.
• It ensures every building serving the same purpose also has same standards

2)

From the National Building Code the groups that will be essential for us when we begin modelling in Autodesk Revit are :

GROUP A : Residential

GROUP B : Educational

GROUP C : Institutional

GROUP D : Assembly

GROUP E : Business

GROUP F : Mercantile

GROUP G : Industrial

GROUP H : Storage

GROUP J : Hazardous

3)

Project cycle is an important process which is developed by the project management institute (PMI) . Any project can be successful only with the complete help and support of the project manager. Under the project cycle we have five steps/ stages, they are :

1. Project Initiation

2. Project Planning

3. Project Execution

4. Project Performance/monitoring

5. Project closure

1. Project Initiation : This is the first step in the project cycle and here we set the goal and define our work. In this step we discuss about the project and start research about the project to identify the advantages and disadvantages in the project. Next we find alternate ways for the disadvantages and how to overcome them. In this step we have selection of the site, selection of design, permission and documentation.

2. Project Planning: This is a very important step as the planning or idea of the project is created. We start to prepare a basic idea about how to start the project. In this step we have to make sure we come to a approximate conclusion about the budget of the project, duration and dead line of the project and arrangement and accomodation of the labour in case to large projects.

3. Project Execution: In this step we start the work and engage into basic works like surveying, deciding the materials required, storage and construction of the foudation.

4. Project Performance/monitoring: In this step we come to an idea about our present situation of the site. We start getting advantages and disadvantages, now we have to find alternative ways for the disadvantages and how to overcome the problems. We have to appoint site managers and supervisors so as to plan a schedule and keep a check on the work.

5. Project closure: This is the final stage in the project cycle and we have to pay attention in achieving the quality of the structure and handing over the project within the correct duration after checking and inspecting the site.

4)

Different disciplines involved in the construction of a project are :

• Civil Engineer
• Architect
• Structural Engineer
• Geo technical Engineer
• Environment Engineer
• HVAC Engineer
• Plumbing Engineer
• Acoustics specialist
• Town planner
• Quantity surveyor
• Environmental Engineer
• Urban designer
• Landscape architect
• Construction manager
• Fire protection Engineer
• Interior designer

5)

Basically a building is classified:

• Based on the occupancy.
• Based on the type of construction.

There are different types of buildings like:

• Residential buildings.
• Educational buildings
• Business buildings.
• Wholesale Establishments.
• Hazardous buildings.
• Storage buildings.
• Detached buildings.
• Institutional buildings.
• Mercatile buildings.
• Semi-detached buildings.
• Industrial buildings.
• Assembly buildings.
• High-rise buildings.
• Military building.
• Religious building.

a. Four unit apartments: Residential building.

b. School with capacity of 1000 students : Educational building.

c. A single unit shop: Mercatile building.

d. Multi store shopping complex : Commercial building.

e. Steel machine factory : Industrial building

6)

In the construction of a project/ building we require both the design team and the management team. We cannot complete the work one of them, they both are required and both of them play equal role in the construction of the project. They both are inter dependent on each other. The design team mainly consist of architects and designers, where as the management team consist of enggineers.

DESIGN TEAM:

The design team can also be called as architects. the design team is more than just a group of people who coordinates and plans accordingly to complete the work with the help of team work. A team contains many people and each one of them is assigned a specific task in which they are perfect. the design team is totally responsible for the idea and design. The architects give us a plan for the suitable area and shape of the site. they plan the building in such a way that we can use the maximum area even after leaving the set backs. the Architects design the plan and provide a 3D view so that we can understand the complete data about the building even before its constructed. They even give an estimate about the budget of the project.

MANAGEMENT TEAM:

The management team is a set of engineers who have mastered in different fields like structural, plumbing, electrical, civil and so on. The management team or the engineers are the one who is going to implement the plans which are created by the design team. They plan an important role in executing and carrying out the work. They ensure safety and supervising the works and find different solutions to the difficulties at the site, as we cannot say that everything goes as planned. The role of project managers, supervisors and site managers are to look after the needs of the labour and keep a check on the daily work completed and progress of the work.

7)

Height and Area Limitation:

Occupancy Class: Residential

Type of Constuction: Type 1

Floor Area Ratio: U.L

Road width: 9m

Height:

The maximum height of building shall not exceed 1.5 times the width of road abutting plus the front open space, subject to the requirement of front open space of a maximum of 16 m.

Passageways:

Corridors and passageways shall be of width no.t less than the calculated aggregate width of exit doorways leading from them in the direction of travel to the exit

Thickness based on fire life and safety:

For RCC material construction:

Masonry Walls: Solid (Required to Resist Fire from One Side at a Time)

Fire Resisting Rating Minimum Thickness (mm), Minimum thickness of actual cover to reinforcement

(in Minute) Excluding any Finish for a

Fire Resistance (min) of

Load bearing walls

60 120 25

90 140 25

120 160 25

180 200 25

240 240 25

Room Sizing:

Height of the Room:

• The height of all rooms for human habitation shallnot be less than 2.75 m measured from the surface of the floor to the lowest point of the ceiling
• The area of habitable room shall not be less than 9.5 m2, where there is only one room with a minimum width of 2.4 m.
• Where there are two rooms, one of these shall not be less than 9.5 m2 and the other not less than 7.5 m2, with a minimum width of 2.1 m.

Kitchen:

• The area of a kitchen where separate dining area is provided, shall be not less than 5.0 sq.m. with a minimum width of 1.8 m. Where there is a separate store, the area of the kitchen may be reduced to 4.5 sq.m.
• A kitchen, which is intended for use as a dining area also, shall have a floor area of not less than 7.5 m2 with a minimum width of 2.1 m.

Bathroom:

• The height of a bathroom or water-closet measured fromthe surface of the floor to the lowest point in the ceiling (bottom of slab) shall not be less than 2.1 m.

• The area of a bathroom shall not be less than 1.8. sq.m with a minimum width of 1.2 m.

• The floor area of water closet shall be 1.1 sq.m with a minimum width of 0.9 m.

• If bath and water-closet are combined, its floor area shall not be less than 2.8 sq.m with a minimum width of 1.2 m.

8)

Checking the minimum requirements as per National Building Design (NBC), all requirements are met as per NBC in our model.

As per National Building Code Description of Project Model

The height of the Building should not be more than 15m The height of building is 10 m

On average minimum height for any of the living, cooking, etc The height of the Ceiling is 4.5m and the height

space should not be less than 2.6 m of the roof is 5m.

The minimum Dimension of W.C and bathroom is 1.5 x 1.2m Dimensions of W.C and Bathroom are 1.9m x 1.2m

Minimum Wall Height 2.6m Wall height is 4m

• Room size is standard size as per NBC
• Kitchen area with separate dining area should not be less than 5m2

Ground Floor Plan of our Project:

FIRST FLOOR PLAN:

ELEVATION VIEW OF PROJECT: