Design of backdoor

AlM:

Using the provided styling surface to come up with a back door design and using appropriate design methodologies and make the necessary reinforcements and embosses

What is a back door?

A door s hinged part which is used for entry and exit of the vehicles. Back doors are one of the type doors of the vehicle which are located next to the passenger seat which provides access to the luggage compartment In most of the cars, these back doors are operated with the help of gas stay which in turn reduces the effort required to lift open the door. Sometry cars have powered backdoor which in tum is driven by an electric motor. This kind of system is also called a powered trunk lid system. Hatchback or station wagons are sold as 3 door or 5 door models. In this case, the rear hatch is classified as door this is because it enters the passenger compartiment. The naming is mainly used in Europe countries. In case of safety, the back door designed should meet the safety requirement for the rear collision.

Types of the back door based on working positions

The door or opening of a cargo area may be hinged at the top, side. bottom. If the door Hinged in the bottom it is called as a tailgate.

Top mounted

This type of back doors is used in a station wagon, pickup truck and same of the sport utility vehicles

Today's modem cars use top-mounted tallgating systems which are both pouvered and also gas stay supported These top mounted tailgates provide greater ear visibility compared to side-mounted or bar doors which have canter pillais in it.

SIDE MOUNTED DOORS:

As the name signifies side-mounted doors are the one which is used in the van type: MPV, SUVs, pickup truck vehicles These side-mounted doors or barn doors are a lot easier compared to top-mounted doors.

These doors are generally smaller in size and can be easily accessed. These doors are more convenient for the goods handlers for long pipe and lengthy components where one door is kept open. These doors also save accidental head impacts. It is a lot easier to load and unload items in the side-mounted doors

Bottom / split type:

This bottom type or split type backdoor system are used in the car type such as estate type car, pickup trucks and some lury SUVs.

These are the most convenient type of back door in which the bottom split is used as a support or even as a table for the tour going people.

Types based on working mechanism

Gas stays type:

Gas stay types backdoor/liftgate/tailgate is an ideal and most commonly used tailgate mechanism from lower segment car to luxury car segment. The ideal components of tailgate consist of a hinge, door, gas stay and some rubber beadings for sealing of door which is shown in the image below:

Powered lift system:

Power trunk lid system is another sophisticated way of trunk/liftgate opening mechanism which is to automatically open and close of the trunk/liftgate and release of the latch by the touch of a button. The following image shows the component as used in the powered trunk/back doorlift system.

Powered trunk lift system consists of a power latch, anti-pinch switch, PTG assy. PTG main switch. When the switch is pressed in the compartment or outside the power latch releases the latch and the entire backdoor is opened. The anti-pinch switch is located in order to avoid accidental hand insertion during the operation of the door.

MANUFACTURING METHODS:

Recently, there have been two approaches to reducing automobile weight. One is by using material lighter than steel and the other is by redesigning the steel structure. Although the former seems very effective, it is very expensive so that it may only be used for an expensive automobile. Therefore, the automobile industry is trying to use steel which is not costly and recyclable Lightweight steel can be achieved by improving the performance of the structure or adopting new manufacturing techniques. One of the efforts is the ULSAB (ultra-light steel autobody) concept.

ULSAB suggests three main weight reduction techniques such as hydro-forming and the tailor welded blank (TWB).

Tailor welded blank:

A tailor-welded blank is a blank that is comprised of two separate pieces of sheet metal that have been welded together prior to stamping, Tailor welded blanks allow the welding of the different grades, different thickness or different corrosion coatings together in order to give the properties needed in different areas, without increasing the number of tools needed to form the part and eliminating the fit ability concerns. They also allowa high degree of flexibility in designing parts and large blanks can be formed from much smaller sheets. The use of tailor-welded blanks would reduce the weight of the car. Having the ability to selectively place different thickness of material would result in weight reductions. An example of this used in production is the door inner panel. The only strength requirement on a door inner is in the region where the hinges attach to the panel

BACK DOOR ASSEMBLY:

The back door assembly of a hatchback or SUVs has the following components

• Inner panel

• Outer panel

• Hinge reinforcement

• Gas stay reinforcement

• Wiper motor reinforcement

• Latch/striker reinforcement

INNER PANEL:

The inner door panel is a component which is used for strengthening the door assembly and it is one of the most important components on which all accessories are mounted like hinges, glass guide channel moulded trim latch etc. The possible method is the integration method. In the integration method, the part is stamped out of a single blank. This reduces the number of tools needed, the assembly cost and eliminates any fit ability problem.

Outer panel:

The outer panel of the back door is similar to other BIW components where it is the aesthetic part of a vehicle. The coating provided is of multi-stage which has the property of scratch resistance, rust prevention and smooth and attractive finishes. The outer panel also has the provisions for the tail lamp, rear fog lamp and also has the provision for licence plate mountings. Most of the hatchback cars have the provision for wipermotor.

REINFORCEMENT:

The reinforcement provided is of 4 numbers which consist of hinge reinforcement gas stay reinforcement, wiper motor reinforcement and latch/striker reinforcement

HEMMING OPERATION:

Hemming is a mechanical joint design which is used for joining inner and outer closure panels as found indoors, hoods, bonnets and lift gates. To increase crash resistance the gap between the hemmed panels is filled with a high-strength adhesive which also prevents from corrosion.

Hemming relief

Hemming reliefs are cut-outs which are provided on the hemmed corner of the panel assembly which in turn to avoid some of the hemming defects such as wave-like OR wrinkle formed surface

Latch/striker rotation angle:

This rotation angle of the line denotes the line of action of backdoor when hinged to the body of the car.

LOAD CASE ANALYSIS

• Bend Test
• Torsion Test
• Abuse cases
• Dent test
• Assembly Load Cases
• Endurance test

ASSEMBLED VIEW:

Conclusion:

Thus the design of BIW Fixtures of a Backdoor of a car has been designed using NX-CAD.