Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

1.Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.Give your detailed explanation on it

LCO:

Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO₂) was the first and most commercially successful form of layered transition metal oxide cathodes, and it is still used in the majority of commercial Li-ion batteries today. NANOMYTE BE-20E is a cast electrode tape of LCO powder

LCO is a very attractive cathode material because of its relatively high theoretical specific capacity of 274 mAh g⁻¹, high theoretical volumetric capacity of 1363 mAh cm⁻³, low self-discharge, high discharge voltage, and good cycling performance.

specifications of LCO

• Active Material: LiCoO₂
• Current Collector: Aluminum (16 µm thick)
• Tape Composition: 90% active material, 5% PVDF binder, 5% Super P
• Sheet Size: 5 in x 10 in (127 mm x 254 mm)
• Coating: Single or Double-sided sheets (as specified)
• Areal Capacity: 2.0 mAh/cm² ± 5% (per side)
• Active Material Loading: 12.5 mg/cm² ± 5% (per side)
• Tape Thickness: 65 µm ± 5% (excluding current collector)
• Nominal voltage vs. Li/Li+: 3.9V
• Minimum capacity: 140 mAh/g
• Experimental capacity: ≥ 160 mAh/g (2.7 – 4.3V @ 0.1C)

LMO:

Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn₂O₄) is a cathode material with a spinel structure, which allows the material to be discharged at high rates. LMO-based batteries are most suited for use in high rate applications.

BE-30E and BE-35E are cast electrode tapes of lithium manganese oxide (LMO) powder. Both standard electrode sheets are 5 inches x 10 inches (127 mm x 254 mm) and cast either single-sided or double-sided on 16 µm thick aluminum foil current collectors. NEI also offers custom tailored solutions for customers with unique specification requirements. Our tapes can also be customized to accommodate different active material loadings, coating thickness, binder type (aqueous/non-aqueous), and binder content, as well as choice of current collector.

Both of our Lithium Manganese Oxide materials are also available in power form

specifications;

• Active Material: LiMn₂O₄ (6 – 7 µm)
• Current Collector: Aluminum (16 µm thick)
• Tape Composition: 90% active material, 5% PVDF binder, 5% Super P
• Sheet Size: 5 in x 10 in (127 mm x 254 mm)
• Coating: Single or Double-sided sheets (as specified)
• Areal Capacity: 1.25 mAh/cm² ± 5% (per side)
• Active Material Loading: 12.5 mg/cm² ± 5% (per side)
• Tape Thickness: 70 µm ± 5% (excluding current collector)
• Nominal voltage vs. Li/Li+: 4.0V

NCA:

Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂) is a cathode material that provides higher capacity than LiCoO₂ when both are charged to 4.2 / 4.3V. NCA-based batteries are most suited for use in moderate rate applications that require high energy density.

NANOMYTE BE-45E is a cast electrode tape of NCA powder. Standard electrode sheets are 5 inches x 10 inches (127 mm x 254 mm) and cast either single-sided or double-sided on 16 µm thick aluminum foil current collectors. NEI also offers custom tailored solutions for customers with unique specification requirements. Our tapes can also be customized to accommodate different active material loadings, coating thickness, binder type (aqueous/non-aqueous), and binder content, as well as choice of current collector.

NEI’s Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide is also available in power form

specifications;

• Active Material: LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂
• Current Collector: Aluminum (16 µm thick)
• Tape Composition: 90% active material, 5% PVDF binder, 5% Super P
• Sheet Size: 5 in x 10 in (127 mm x 254 mm)
• Coating: Single or Double-sided sheets (as specified)
• Areal Capacity: 2.0 mAh/cm² ± 5% (per side)
• Active Material Loading: 10.5 mg/cm² ± 5% (per side)
• Tape Thickness: 60 µm ± 5% (excluding current collector)
• Nominal voltage vs. Li/Li+: 3.7V
• Minimum capacity: 170 mAh/g
• Experimental capacity: ≥ 190 mAh/g (3 – 4.2V @ 0.1C)

NMC:

Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (LiNi_xMn_yCo_zO₂) is a widely used class of cathode material with NMC111 (LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂, also known as NMC333) being the most common representative. However, Ni-rich NMCs (NMC811, 622, 532) are becoming more and more in focus now in current research due to their higher specific capacity and energy. Among these materials, NMC811 (LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂) can deliver a high capacity of ∼200 mAh/g with an average discharge potential of ∼3.8 V (vs. Li⁺/Li), making it a promising positive electrode material for high energy density lithium-ion batteries.

NEI’S NMC electrode sheets are available in four different compositions: BE-50E,BE-52E,54E,56E,Standard electrode sheets are 5 inches x 10 inches (127 mm x 254 mm) and cast either single-sided or double-sided on 16 µm thick aluminum foil current collectors. NEI also offers custom tailored solutions for customers with unique specification requirements. Our tapes can also be customized to accommodate different active material loadings, coating thickness, binder type (aqueous/non-aqueous), and binder content, as well as choice of current collector.

specifications;

• Active Material: LiNi_0.33Mn_0.33Co_0.33O₂
• Current Collector: Aluminum (16 µm thick)
• Tape Composition: 90% active material, 5% PVDF binder, 5% Super P
• Sheet Size: 5 in x 10 in (127 mm x 254 mm)
• Coating: Single or Double-sided sheets (as specified)
• Areal Capacity: 2.0 mAh/cm² ± 5% (per side)
• Active Material Loading: 12.9 mg/cm² ± 5% (per side)
• Tape Thickness: 70 µm ± 5% (excluding current collector)
• Nominal voltage vs. Li/Li+: 3.75V
• Minimum capacity: 150 mAh/g
• Experimental capacity: ≥ 155 mAh/g (2.7 – 4.3V @ 0.1C)

note:specifcation for BE_50E and rest of have different specifications.

LFP:

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO₄) is the representative material for olivine structured cathode materials. Its specific capacity (~170 mAh/g) is higher than that of the related lithium cobalt oxide (~140 mAh/g), however its energy density is slightly lower due to its low operating voltage. Because of its low-cost, low-toxicity, long-term stability, and well-defined performance, LFP-based batteries are finding a number of roles in vehicle use and backup power applications.

BE_60Eis a cast electrode tape of LFP powder. Standard electrode sheets are 5 inches x 10 inches (127 mm x 254 mm) and cast either single-sided or double-sided on 16 µm thick aluminum foil current collectors. NEI also offers custom tailored solutions for customers with unique specification requirements. Our tapes can also be customized to accommodate different active material loadings, coating thickness, binder type (aqueous/non-aqueous), and binder content, as well as choice of current collector.

specifcation:

• Active Material: LiFePO₄
• Current Collector: Aluminum (16 µm thick)
• Tape Composition: 88% active material, 8% Super P, 4% PVDF binder
• Sheet Size: 5 in x 10 in (127 mm x 254 mm)
• Coating: Single or Double-sided sheets (as specified)
• Areal Capacity: 1.25 mAh/cm² ± 5% (per side)
• Active Material Loading: 7.3 mg/cm² ± 5% (per side)
• Tape Thickness: 70 µm ± 5% (excluding current collector)
• Nominal voltage vs. Li/Li+: 3.2V
• Minimum capacity: 150 mAh/g
• Experimental capacity: ≥ 170 mAh/g (2.5 – 4.1V @0.1C)

LTO:

Lithium Titanate / lithium titanium oxide (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, also referred to as LTO) is an electrode material with exceptional electrochemical stability. It is often used as the anode in lithium ion batteries for applications that require high rate, long cycle life and high efficiency. LTO-based batteries are considered safer, and have a wider operating temperature rate.

NANOMYTE BE -10E is a cast electrode tape of our ultrafine LTO and BE-10CE is a cast electrode tape of our carbon-coated LTO, capable of high rates. Standard electrode sheets are 5 inches x 10 inches (127 mm x 254 mm) and cast either single-sided or double-sided on 10 µm thick copper foil current collectors. NEI also offers custom tailored solutions for customers with unique specification requirements. Our tapes can also be customized to accommodate different active material loadings, coating thickness, binder type (aqueous/non-aqueous), and binder content, as well as choice of current collector.

Both of our LTO materials are also available in power form

specifcation:

• Active Material: Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ powder
• Current Collector: Copper (10 µm thick)
• Tape Composition: 90% active material, 5% PVDF binder, 5% Super P
• Sheet Size: 5 in x 10 in (127 mm x 254 mm)
• Coating: Single or Double-sided sheets (as specified)
• Areal Capacity: 1.25 mAh/cm2 ± 5% (per side)
• Active Material Loading: 7.3 mg/cm² ± 5% (per side)
• Tape Thickness: 60 µm ± 5% (excluding current collector)
• Nominal Voltage vs. Li/Li+: 1.53V
• Minimum Capacity: 150 mAh/g
• Nominal Capacity: 170 mAh/g (1.2 – 2.3V @ 0.1C)