Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry
Table of content :
| Sr. no | Name of battery | chemestry | Cathode | Anode | chargng | Discharging | cost | lifespan | specific energy | specific power | safety | Performance | properties | limitations | Applications | ||
| 1 | Lithum Cobalt oxide | LiCoO2 | CoO2 | Carbon graphite | Li+ cations moves towards anode | Li- anions moves towards cathode | expensive due to cobalt metal | short | 150-200 Wh/kg | limited | due to high rate of charge and discharge moderate safety | 500-1000 cycles | chargingat 1C takes 2 to 3 hrs to get fully charged | not suitable for traction purpose | mobile phones,laptops, cameras | ||
| 2 | Lithium Manganese oxide (LMO) | LiMn2O4 | LiMn2O4 | Carbon graphite | Li+ cations moves towards anode | Li- anions moves towards cathode | low cost than LCO | high | 100-150 Wh/kg | very high specific power | moderate but safer than LCO battrey | 300-700 cycles |
Charging at max-3C Quick charging |
less relevant, | power tools, medical devices | ||
| 3 | Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium(NCA) | LiNiCoAlO2 | LiNICoAlO2 | graphite | Li +Cations moves toward anode | Li - anions moves towards Cathode |
high cost (26000 rupees per Kwh) |
high | 200-260Wh/kg | resonably good | marginal safety | 500 cycles |
charging max at 3C Quick charging |
high cost,marginal safety | Industrial electric power train (Tesla) | ||
| 4 | Lithium Nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) | LiNiMn2CoO2 | LiNiMn2CoO2 | graphite | Li +Cations moves toward anode | Li - anions moves towards Cathode | high cost (33600 rupees per Kwh) | high | 150-220 Wh/kg | high | good | 1000-2000 cycles | charging at 1C, if charged above 1C reduces battrey life | anode is mechanically unstable at higer capacities | All E bikes | ||
| 5 | Lithium iron phospate | LiFePo4 | LiFePO4 | graphite | Li +Cations moves toward anode | Li - anions moves towards Cathode | high cost (46400 rupees per kwh) | very high life span | 90 -120 wh/kg | high | safest battrey | 2000 and higher | Changing at 1C for 3 hrs to be fully charged | very flat discharge curve | used where high current and endurance is needed | ||
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6 |
Lithium titanium Oxide | Li2TiO3 | NMC | Li2TiO3 | - | - | very high cost (80,400) | 50 -80 wh/kg | very high | one of the safest battrey | 3000 to 7000 | upto 5C charging can be done | very very high cost | UPS, powertrain(mitsubishi i -MiEV,Honda fit EV, ), solar powered street lightning |
Explanation
1 )Anode- It is an electrode through which the charging curent enters from the load . it is having a negative charge (-ve potential). Material used for anode is Graphite or hard carbon.
2)Cathode- It is an electrode of battrey through which the current is supplied to the load . It is positively charged terminal (+ve) . depending upon type of battrey catrhode material is changed as shown in above chart
3)Specific energy - It is the ability of battrey to cupply current in ampers per hour.
4)Cost-it incudes the cost required to produce unit kw of power per hour.
5)Life span - it elaborates the working life of the battrey in years. it largly depends on charging and discharging frequency, high and very low operating temperatures.
6) Safety- High specific energy battreys are more reactive and unstable eg (LCO) thus low safe. nickel based battreys are more safer.