Challenge

Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

MMayank Ranade7 Jun 2022

EV Live batch 17

ANS:1

Type	Materials		Chemical reaction		Overall Raction
Type	Anode	Cathode	Anode	Cathode
LCO	LiC6 (graphite)	LiCoO2 Lithium cobalt oxide	LiC6→ nLi+ + ne− + 6C	Li1− nCoO2 + nLi+ + ne− → LiCoO2	C6 + LiCoO2 ⟷ LinC6+ Li1− nCoO2
LMO	LiC6 (graphite)	LiMn2O4 Lithium manganese oxide	LinC6→nLi+ + ne−	Li(m−n)Mn2O4 + nLi+ + ne− →LimMn2O4	LinC6 + Li(m−n)Mn2O4 ⟷ Li0C6 + LimMn2O4
NCA	LiC6 (graphite)	Li(NiCoAl)O2 Lithium Nickel cobalt aluminium oxide	LinC6 → Li0C6 + nLi+ + ne−	Lim−n(NixCoyAlz)O2 + nLi + + ne− →Lim(NixCoyAlz)O2	LinC6 + Lim−n(NixCoyAlz)O2 ⟷ Li0C6+ Lim(NixCoyAlz)O2
NMC	LiC6 (graphite)	Li(NiMnCo)O2 Lithium Nickel manganese cobalt oxide	LinC6 → Li0C6+ nLi+ + ne−	Lim−n(NixMnyCoz)O2 + nLi+ + ne− →Lim(NixMnyCoz)O2	LinC6 + Lim−n(NixMnyCoz)O2 ⟷Li0C6+ Lim(NixMnyCoz)O2
LFP	LiC6 (graphite)	LiFePO4 Lithium iron phosphate	LinC6 → Li0C6 + nLi+ + ne−	Lim−nFePO4 + nLi+ + ne− → LimFePO4	LinC6 + Lim−nFePO4 ⟷ Li0C6 + LimFePO4
LTO	Li2TiO3(Lithium Titanate)	Li4Ti5O12 Lithium titanium oxide	LinTiO3 → Li0TiO3 + nLi+ + ne−	LimTi5O12 + nLi+ + ne- → mLi7Ti5O12	LinTiO3 + LimTi5O12 ⟷ Li0C6 + LimTi5O12

ANS:2

Lithium Cobalt Oxide has high specific energy as compared to the other batteries which make it the preferred choice for laptops and mobile phones. It also has a low cost and a moderate performance. However, it is highly unfavorable in all the other aspects when compared to the other lithium-ion batteries. It has low specific power, low safety, and a low lifespan.

Lithium Manganese Oxide has moderate specific power, moderate specific energy, and a moderate level of safety when compared to the other types of lithium-ion batteries. It has the added advantage of a low cost. The downsides are its low performance and low lifespan. It is usually used in medical devices and power tools.

Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide has two major advantages as compared to the other batteries. The first one is its high specific energy which makes it desirable in electric powertrains, electric vehicles, and electric bikes. The other is its low cost. It is moderate in terms of specific power, safety, lifespan, and performance when compared to the other lithium-ion batteries. It can be optimized to either have high specific power or high specific energy.

Lithium Iron Phosphate only has one major disadvantage when compared to other types of lithium-ion batteries and that is its low specific energy. Other than that, it has moderate to high ratings in all the other characteristics. It has high specific power, offers a high level of safety, has a high lifespan, and comes at a low cost. The performance of this battery is also moderate. It is often employed in electric motorcycles and other applications that require a long lifespan and a high level of safety.

Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide offers one strong advantage as compared to the five other batteries and that is high specific energy. It is pretty moderate in the rest of the characteristics like performance, cost, specific power, and lifespan. The only downside to this battery type is its low level of safety. Its high specific energy and moderate lifespan make it a good candidate for electric powertrains.

Lithium Titanate offers high safety, high performance, and a high lifespan which are very important features every battery should have. Its specific energy is low compared to the five other lithium-ion batteries but it compensates for this with moderate specific power. The only major disadvantage of lithium titanate as compared to the other lithium-ion batteries is its extremely high cost. Another important feature of this battery worthy of mention is its remarkably fast recharge time. It can be used for storing solar energy and creating smart grids.

Lithium-ion battery Types	SP	SE	SF	LS	CS	PF
Lithium Cobalt Oxide	L	H	L	L	L	M
Lithium Manganese Oxide	M	M	M	L	L	L
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide	M	H	M	M	L	M
Lithium Iron Phosphate	H	L	H	H	L	M
Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide	M	H	L	M	M	M
Lithium Titanate	M	L	H	H	H	H

SP stands for specific power
SE stands for specific energy
SF stands for safety
LS stands for lifespan
CS stands for cost
PF stands for performance
L stands for low
M stands for moderate
H stands for high

Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

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