Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry
Report
AIM:
- Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO,LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.
- Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics.
1] Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO,LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.
| type of Li+ion batteries | Anode material | Cathode material | Electrolyte | Chemical reaction at Anode | Chemical reaction at Cathode |
| LCO[lithium cobalt oxide] | lithiated graphite LiC6 |
The cathode is most commonly used as lithiated metal oxide. There are main 3 types: 1] Layered oxide like LixCoO2 |
1]Liquid: Most commonly used today. Often use LiPF6 or similar lithium salt and Ethylene Carbonate as a solvent. 2]Solid State and polymer: Are being researched, but are rarely used due to the low diffusivity of lithium. Solid Electrolyte: |
C6Li = 6C + Li+ + e- |
Li(1-x)CoO2(s) + xLi+ + xe- = LiCoO2(s) |
| LMO [lithium manganese oxide] | lithiated graphite LiC6 | lithium manganese oxide LiMn2O4 |
Salt: Lithium hexafluorophosphate[LiPF6] Solvent: Ethylene Carbonate |
C6Li = 6C + Li+ + e- |
Li(1-x)Mn2O4(s) + xLi+ + xe- = LiMn2O4(s) |
| lithiated graphite LiC6 | lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide[LiNiCoAlO2] |
Salt: Lithium hexafluorophosphate[LiPF6] Solvent: Ethylene Carbonate |
C6Li = 6C + Li+ + e- |
Li(1-x)NiCoAlO2(s) + xLi+ + xe = LiNiCoAlO2(s) |
|
| NMC [lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide] | lithiated graphite LiC6 | lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide[LiNiMnCoO2] |
Salt: Lithium hexafluorophosphate[LiPF6] Solvent: Ethylene Carbonate |
C6Li = 6C + Li+ + e- |
Li(1-x)NiMnCoO2(s) + xLi++xe-= LiNiMnCoO2(s) |
| LFP [lithium iron phosphate] | lithiated graphite LiC6 | lithium iron phosphate[LiFePO4] |
Salt: Lithium hexafluorophosphate[LiPF6] Solvent: Ethylene Carbonate |
C6Li = 6C + Li+ + e- |
Li(1-x)FePO4(s) + xLi+ + xe- = LiFePO4(s) |
| LTO [lithium titanate oxide] | titanate[Ti5 O12] |
1] Lithium manganese oxide[LiMn2O4] 2] lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide[LiNiMnCoO2] |
Salt: Lithium hexafluorophosphate[LiPF6] Solvent: Ethylene Carbonate |
Li7Ti5O12 = Li4Ti5O12+3Li++3e- |
Li(1-x)Mn2O4(s) + xLi+ + xe- LiMn2O4(s) Li(1-x)NiMnCoO2(s) + xLi++ xe-=LiNiMnCoO2(s) |
2] Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics.
1] Lithium Cobalt Oxide [LCO]
2] Lithium Manganese Oxide [LMO]
3] Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide [NCA]
4] Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide [NMC]
5] Lithium Iron Phosphate [LFP]
6] Lithium Titanate Oxide [LTO]
