Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry
Q1.Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.Give your detailed explanation on it
|
LCO |
LMO |
NCA |
NMC |
LFP |
LTO |
|
|
CHEMICAL NAME |
Lithium Cobalt Oxide |
Lithium Manganese Oxide |
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide |
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt |
Lithium Iron Phosphate |
Lithium Titanate |
|
CATHODE |
LiCoO2 |
LiMn2O2 |
LiNiCoAlO2 |
LiNiMnCoO2 |
LiFePO4 |
LiTiO3 |
|
ANODE |
Graphite |
Graphite |
Graphite |
Graphite |
Graphite |
Graphite |
|
CHEMICAL REACTION AT CATHODE |
CoO2+ Li+ +e- ↔ LiCoO2 |
MnO2+ Li+ +e-↔ LiMnO2 |
NiCoAlO2+ Li+ +e- ↔ LiNiCoAlO2 |
NiMnCoO2+ Li+ +e- ↔ LiNiMnCoO2 |
FePO4+ Li+ +e- ↔ LiFePO4 |
4Mn2PO4+ 4Li+ +e- ↔ 4LiMn2O4 |
|
CHEMICAL REACTION AT ANODE |
LiC6 ↔ C6+Li++e- |
LiC6 ↔ C6+Li++e- |
LiC6 ↔ C6+Li++e- |
LiC6 ↔ C6+Li++e- |
LiC6 ↔ C6+Li++e- |
Li4Ti5O12 4Li+ +e- ↔ 4LiMn2O4 |
|
OVERALL REACTION |
LiCoO2+C6 ↔ LiC6 + CoO2 |
LiCoO2+C6 ↔ LiC6 + CoO2 |
LiCoO2+C6 ↔ LiC6 + CoO2 |
LiCoO2+C6 ↔ LiC6 + CoO2 |
LiCoO2+C6 ↔ LiC6 + CoO2 |
4Mn2PO4+ Li4Ti5O12 ↔ 4LiMn2O4 +Ti5O12 |
Q2.Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics
|
LCO |
LMO |
NCA |
NMC |
LFP |
LTO |
||
|
CHEMICAL NAME |
LiCoO2 |
LiMn2O2 |
LiNiCoAlO2 |
LiNiMnCoO2 |
LiFePO4 |
LiTiO3 |
|
|
CHEMICAL NAME |
Lithium Cobalt Oxide |
Lithium Manganese Oxide |
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide |
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt |
Lithium Iron Phosphate |
Lithium Titanate |
|
|
CATHODE |
LiCoO2 (~60% Co) |
LiMn2O2 |
LiNiCoAlO2 |
LiNiMnCoO2 |
LiFePO4 |
LiTiO3 |
|
|
ANODE |
Graphite |
Graphite |
Graphite |
Graphite |
Graphite |
Graphite |
|
|
Nominal Voltage (V) |
3.6 |
3.7 |
3.6 |
3.6 - 3.7 |
3.2 - 3.3 |
2.4 |
|
|
Operating voltage(V/cell) |
3 - 4.2 |
3 - 4 |
3 – 4.2 |
3 – 4.2 |
2.5 – 3.7 |
1.8 – 2.8 |
|
|
Specific energy(Wh/Kg) |
150-240 |
100-150 |
200 – 260 |
150 – 220 |
90-120 |
50 – 80 |
|
|
C-rate (charging) |
0.7-1C |
0.7 – 3C |
0.7 C |
0.7-1C |
1C |
1 – 5C |
|
|
C-rate (discharging) |
1C |
1C |
1C |
1 - 2 C |
1C |
5 - 10C |
|
|
Cycle life |
500-1000 |
300 – 700 |
500 |
1000 – 2000 |
2000 & above |
3000 - 7000 |
|
|
Thermal runaway |
150 0C |
250 0C |
150 0C |
210 0C |
270 0C |
|
|
|
Applications |
Mobile phones, Laptops, Cameras, etc |
Electrical powertrains, Power tools, medical devices, etc |
Electrical powertrains, Medical device manufacturing industries |
Electrical vehicles, hybrid EV. |
High load applications |
Electrical powertrains, Solar steet lights |
|
|
Remarks |
*Limited specific power *Very high specific energy *Expensive |
*High power, less capacity *Better performance *Limited growth potential |
*Energy cell *Growth potential *Similar to LiCo |
*High power *High capacity, *Predominantly used |
*Self-discharge is more *Flat discharge curve *Low capacity |
*Low specific energy *Long life *Wide temperature range *Expensive |