Week 1 Challenge
1 – What is the full form of OEM ?
ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER
2 – How the Design Responsibility goes in Automotive
The design process start to consulting with client and superior and also follow the market trend. Afterthat we have done benchmarking process.
when benchmarking process is done then we create the sketch layout and all necessry part of the automotive, This all thing has done by the OEM(Original Equipment Manufacturer). After this we have send the RFQ to TIER-1 suppliers who will expert on that particular product(Tier-1 directly fitted the part into vehicle). Tier-1 suppliers send the sub part to the TIER-2 supplier (They prepare subassembly and send it to Tier-1 supplier they directly not intract with the OEM).
3 – Name some Tire 4 Supplier and what they Manufacture?
This is indirect suppliers that are further removed from the OEM, such as those that supply raw materials or individual parts.
Eg; Rubber, steel, nuts, bolts, upholstery, leather, glass and other raw materials.
TATA STEEL:- Steel Manufacture
MISUMI:- Nuts and bolts and other hardware materials
ASHI GLASS INDIA: Glass MAnufacture
Sandhar Rubber: Rubber Manufacture
4 – When was the first Car Made?
First car made in 1886was havig wooden seat.
5 – What kind of Seats are used in the first Car?
Wooden seat
6 – Define 3D reference System?
The 3d reference seat is used to locate the all component of the vechicle in automotive.
7 – Why 3D reference System is needed ?
3D reference system isrequired to position the part in a particular location as well communicate with each engineer in technical manner.
8 – What is X Plane and in a Car what is positive “x”?
X-plane is the Vertical longitudinal plane which split the vehicle in two equal half.This Plane is perpendicular to Y-axis.
The positive X-axis when we go from front to rear end of the vehicle.
9 – What is “Zero Plan”?
The Plane of the point where the one of the cordinate is "0".
This plane is different from OEM to OEM.
10 – Define Point of origin?
The point of origin is where all three plane intersect. This point is know as point of origin. This may lie on hood, Bumper.
This point differ from OEM to OEM.
11 – Where Most OEM Point of Origin keep ?
Point o origin differ from OEM to OEM sometimes it lie on bumper and some times it lie on hood but on the bumper point of origin may be change.
So mostly OEM define the point of origin near the console.
12 – Difference between Work Line and Grid Lines ?
Grid line-Grid line is form from the intersection of plane. This line 100mm apart form eachother. This line be used by OEM to locating the exact postion of the part.This line basically package and locate the object.This is also refer as the "BODY LINE".
Work Line- Work line is located in the individual part of the the vehicle. This line be used by TIER-1,2 suplliers.This is not neccery that it is 100mm apart.This line is used to project the part of the different view. Work line generally not to parallel to grid line.
13 – Are Work Line and Grid Lines are inter connected?
YES, Grid line and work line are inter connected because work line is particular area of the grid line.
14 - What is Body Position?
Body position is refere to where the part is located with respect to body.Body position is X and Z coordinate in the 2-D view. It is the "IN-BODY POSITION or IN-Vehicle position". Body position may or may not differ to design position.
15 – When a Car comes out of OEM Yard ,Seat will be at what position?
16 – How Center Line is used in terms of Car Design ?
The centerline lie on Vertical longitudinal plane. It help to define the position of the part (It lie positive side or negative side).
17 – Usually Center Line is Placed at _Consle_.
18 – What is Positive Z Direction ?
When we go upside from horizonatal plane is known as Positive X-direction.
19 – What is Positive Y Direction ?
As we know that Vertical center plane divide the car into two half along the longitudinal. So when right side of the center plane is the Positive Y direction.
20 – What is LHD and RHD?
LHD-LEFT HAND DRIVE
RHD-RIGHT HAND DRIVE
21 – A Driver driving a Car in US will be sitting which side of Car?
LHD-LEFT HAND DRIVE
22 – Driver in US is in Negative-Y Direction..
23 – A Indian Cab Driver went to USA and started driving a Car, which side of the Car he will be sitting?
LEFT hand side
24- I opened the Door of my Car and saw my room keys on center console , so my keys are __Inboard___ against the Door.
25 – Belt Buckle attached on the __Outboard___Side of the Seat.
26-The Recliner handle is placed ___Inboard___side of the seat.
27 – Inboard/Outboard is a __Centerline _____ based system.
2 8 – IB:___In-board___, OB ____Out-Board___
29 – Going from rear bumper to forward is __Fore___ Movement.
30 – C- Pillar to B – Pillar movement is ___Fore____ Movement.
31 – A aft movement of seat is__Positive___ X Movement
32 – Volume wise which country produce max number of Cars ?
China has produced max number of car. According to 2022 report below is the data of car production units.
33 – Volume wise production please place all OEM in global?
34 – Which country India will replace in next 10 year in term of Volume production ?
Germany
35 - Volume wise production please place all OEM in India?
36 – Name Countries which follow LHD Drive ?
161 countries follow the right hand drive system. eg:
Afghanistan, Aland Islands (Finland), Algeria, American Samoa (US) , Andorra,
Angola (1928), Argentina, Armenia, Aruba (Netherlands), Austria (1936), Azerbaijan, Bahrain (1978), Belarus,
Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, British Indian Ocean Territory, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,
Colombia, Comoros, Congo Brazaville, Congo Kinshasa, Costa Rica, Cote D' Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El salvador, Equatorial Guinea,
Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, French Guyana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Gambia,
Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greece, Guadloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Haiti, Honduras,
Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea-North, Korea-South, Kuwait, Krgyzistan, Laos,
Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Lybia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Lybia, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Mali,
Marshal Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mayote, Mexico, Micronesia, Midway Atoll, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia;
Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria,
Northeren Mariana Island, Norway, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Phillipines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar,
Reunion, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Pierre & Miquelon, san marino, Sao Tome & Principe, saudi arabia, Senegal,
Serbia and Montenegro, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Svalbard (Norway), Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,
Taiwan, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,
Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam, Wake Island (US), Wallis & Futuna (France), Western sahara, Yemen.
37 - Name Countries which follow RHD Drive ?
75 countries follow the Right hand drive.
Eg:-Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, East Timor, Hiong Kong, Indonesia, India, Japan, Macau, malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri lanka, Thailand,Botswana, kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Ugana, Zambia, Zimbabwe Australia, Christmas Island(Australia), Cocos Islands (Australia), Cook Islands (New Zealand), Fiji, Kirbati, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue,Norfolk Island(Australia),
Papua new Guinea, Pitcairn Islands (UK), Solomon Islands, Tokelau(New Zealand), Tonga Tuvalu,Cyprus, Guensey (UK), Ireland, Isle of Man(UK), Jersey(UK), Malta, United Kingdom,Anguilla (UK), Antigua and Barbados, Bahamas, Barbados, British Virgin Islands(UK), Cayman Islands (UK), Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Monsterrat (UK), Saint Kitts and Navis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and teh Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caico Islands (UK), Virgin Islands (US)
1.What is Eyellipse and how it important from OEM purpose ?
Eyellipse is made from EYE and Ellipse. It helps the driver visibility of Interior and Exterior of the vehicle.
Eyellipse applications include rearview mirror size and placement, wiped and defrosted areas, pillar size and location, and general exterior field of view.
- It allows the view incomming vehicle.
- To view internal gauges and instrument.
- The side vehicle and side mirror without obsctale
2.Draw the complete Eyellipse Zone in a OEM environment ?
3.What is E – Point ?
E-point is the eyellipse center point. As we know minkin have Right And left hand eye so on the behalf of this we describe the eyelllipse as
.
The distance between left and right eye is approx 65mm.
4.What is P – Point ?
P-point is that point where driver neck move wrt to horizontal plane.There are 4 P-point.
P1 & P2-This point helps to postion the eye-point for measuring the driver binocular obstruction due to A‑pillars at the left and right
P1 & P2- This point helps to postion the eye-point for measuring driver field of view from rear-view mirrors located to the left and right of the driver.
5.Correlation between E Point and P Point ?
P-point is 98mm away from the center point from the center point from the eyellipse.
6.Eyellipse calculation as per E – Point and P – Point ?
Sorry, I don,t understand the question.
7.What is full form of “SgRP” ?
SgRP-Seating Reference point
8.What is H – Point ?
The intersection point between torso line and thigh line.It is the theoretical point for which we have to calculate the other aspect of the seat design. This point used by TIER-1 supplier. Sgrp and H-point is same. Sgrp point is used by the OEM.
9.Difference between “SgRP” and “ H – Point “ ?
The H-point is the theoretical, relative location of an occupant's hip. It is the pivot point between the torso and upper leg portions of the body.
SgRP point seating reference point means a design point defined by the vehicle manufacturer for each seating position and established with respect to the three-dimensional reference system. It is also called R-point.
10.What is heel point ?
It is also know an as Accelator heel point(AHP).It is the lowest point at the intersection of the heel of the foot and the floor of the vehicle.
The AHp angle is min 87 degree.The distance fom AHP to H-point is minimum 405mm for human comfort.
11.What is Oscar ?
12.Difference between Oscar and Oscar Templet ?
Oscar templet is the 2D device where Oscar is the 3D device.
12.What is the purpose of Oscar ?
- The Oscar templete gives the seat designer an approximation of how vehicle occupant sill sit in the seat.
- A point is determined that represents the pivot point of oscar torso and thigh. This is called H-point and this point shold match with SgRP point.
13.What is Design H – Point and Actual H - Point?
Design H-point is that point which is calcualted by oscar machine and oscar template, whicle actual H point is the intersection of thigh line to torso line.
14.What is H-Point Window ?
If the designated seating poisition can e adjusted the path of the design H-point through the full seat adjustment range establishes the design H-point travel line. The point along the H-point travel called as H-point window.
15.Type of Oscar ?
16.What is the weight (in Kg) of 95 % Oscar ?
102.5kg
17.What is the Importance of H – Point ?
- Seat design has direct effect the occupant's to vehicle control.
- To find the proper field of vision.
- To provide the comfort the occupants.
18.How the tolerance of H – Point Given ?
Over the time H-point shits due to deterioration of seat foam so OEM provide the tolerence zone for the H-point. This zone may be circular or parallelogram.
19.What is D – Point regarding a Seat ?
The d-point is the lowest pont on the buttock contour of the seated Oscar template or Oscar machine.
20.What is the full form of AHP ? Define its usage for seats ?
AHP- Accelator heel point.
The accelator heel point with the shoe on the un-depressed acclerator pedal.The foot angle is min 87 degree.
It is 405 mm away form h point in fore direction. Occupant reached to the accelator point in 5,50 and 95th percentile of the person.
21.What is Hand Reach Envelop ?
The occupant must be able to reach the appropriate control while in driving position. The reaching distance for specific driver population is called the Hand Reach Envelop.
22.Types of Hand Reach Envelop ? And how it is categories ?
Hand Reach Envelop are two type
1-Primary Driver Hand Control:- Wearing a lap & sholder belt in driving position.
2-Secondary Driver Hand Controls:- Wearing a lap belt
| Primary Driver Hand Control | Secondary Driver Hand Controls |
|
1-Steering Control 2-Gearshift Control 3-Turn Signal Control 4-Ignition Control 5-Audible Horn 6-Headlamp control 7-Hand Break 8-Wiper/Defroster Control |
1-Climate Control 2-Radio Control 3-Accessory control |
23.What is Back/Cushion Angle ?
The back angle is the angle of recline of the torso line relative to the verticle . Back angle doesn't measure the angle of the seat structure.
24.What is Ischium?
Ischium is the lowest of three major bones comprising each hals of the pelvis.
25.What is Tail Burn ?
When the occupant is seated for an extended period of the time.
26.How lumber help driver ?
The Lumer hold your back long time during the driving or vechile in motion.
27.During RFQ what is expected from OEM?
The OEM provides the following to be used in the seat design:-
1-Seating Reference point
2-Foot Angle
3-Knee angle
4-Heel Point
5-Hip Angle
6-Back Angle
1.What is the function of a seat ?
1-Provide the support the occupant
2-Position the occupant
3-Provide the comfort for the occupant
4-Protect the occupant
2.How the seat Support the Occupant ?
Support the occupant is the very basic function of the seat. It support the occupant in every situation like front crush, side crush etc. Improper comfotrt support will adversely affect the position, comfort and safety of the occupant.
Seat provide the support to occupant like
- Back support
- Arm support
- Thigh support
- leg support
- Head support
3.How the seat Position the Occupant ?
The position of the occupant is extremely important to safe vehicle operation. There are three key elements to occupant position.
1-Hand, Arm and Leg room
2-Field of vision
3-Driver proximity to hand control
4.How seat provide comfort for the occupant ?
The Seat must be design to provide comfort for the occupant
1-Determine the amount of seat padding
2-Locating and avoiding the hard point
3-Provide the correct amount of thigh and leg support
4-Proper amount of seat width and hight
5-provide set back angle for cushion
An additional 3-key measuremnt taken to ensure the best possible comfort in a seat's design
1-Indenstaton Load deflection (ILD)
2-Natural Frequency
3-Static Presuure Distribution
5.What is the full form of ILD? And how it is define ?
ILD-Indentation Load Deflection
- ILD is a measuremment taken to access the firmness of the seat.
- The load required to compress the seat pad up to 50% of it's original thickness.
- A seat that is too firm may uncomforatble the occupant. A seat too soft may cause fatigue or allow the occupant to come in contact with hard point which is structure of the seat.