Transfer Function

1) How hybrid electric cars can be operated more efficiently by autonomous driving systems?

Hybrid cars are powered by both an ICE and a battery in most cases. There are also hybrid vehicles that operate with fuel cell + battery. Which system to use when is very important to maximize MPG, and control systems in autonomous vehicles help make that decision through installed sensors. Without human dependency or decisions made, a self driving vehicle will usually extract the best out of a car that runs on more than one source of power. Hybrid cars also help provide the significant amount of power that these electrical sensors and computer systems need to run efficiently.

• The location is determined by GPS: uses real-time geographical data obtained from various satellites to calculate precise coordinates to provide accurate positioning of the vehicle
• LIDAR (Light detecting and ranging) sensors: identifying edges of the road and lane marks to accurately keep the car positioned in the right area at all times
• Radar sensors: monitoring the position of vehicles nearby, as to maintain a safe distance to avoid any collisions or accidents
• Ultrasonic sensors: measure objects very close to the vehicle, such as speed breakers, to slow down the vehicle at the right time in order to cause minimal stress to the suspension system, tires, etc.
• Video camera: detect traffic lights, road signs, pedestrians

All of this information is processed and analysed by the central computer, which then manipulates the accelerator, steering and brakes. Sensors help the software to understand the rules of driving on the road and make driving safer by reducing accidents, congestion, and a more pleasant experience by increasing lane capacity and choosing easier routes.

2a,b) Derive the transfer function of the suspension system shown below and convert the transfer function to state space format.

2c) Perform the same in MATLAB using suitable commands.

3) Derive the transfer functions for the RC(output across C) and CR (output across R) circuits shown below. Are they equal?

Hence, they are not equal. Changing the position of the capacitor and resistor in the circuit doesn't make a difference to the input voltage but it changes the output voltage, which is why the transfer function cannot be the same.