Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1.Identify each of the major elements in the above automotive wiring diagram.

Battery, Starter motor, ignition switch, ignition coil and breaker, distributor, generator, current and voltage regulator, ammeter, fuel gauge, instrument lights, horn button, horns, junction block, parking light, foot selector switch, dome light switch, dome light, light switch, scaled beam, Beam light, stop light switch, tail stop, gas tank unit, fuse

2.Explain the purpose and working of any three elements briefly.

Fuse: A fuse is a protective device that interrupts the electrical circuit when the current exceeds a safe level. It is rated in amperes (A) and is designed to break the circuit if the current exceeds the rated value, thus protecting the wiring and components from damage due to overcurrent.

Starter motor: Starter motor is an electric motor that is responsible for turning the engine over during ignition and allowing everything else to happen. When you turn the ignition on, the starter motor engages and turns the engine over allowing it to suck in air.

Ignition coil: Ignition coil is responsible for transforming the low voltage from the battery into the high voltage needed to produce sparks at the spark plugs. This high-voltage electricity is used to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the engine's combustion chambers, enabling the engine to start and run.

3.If the total load is 10A from battery, what should be the fuse rating?

For a total load of 10A from a 12V battery, the recommended fuse rating would be approximately 125% to 150% of the normal operating current. Therefore, a fuse rated between 12.5A and 15A would be suitable to protect the circuit while allowing for normal operation and start-up surges. Fuse Rating for 10A load should be more than 12.5 A.

4.If 500W is the load, what is the voltage and capacity of battery you recommend?

Power = Voltage * Current

if Load is 500W and a 12V Battery,

Current = 500/12 = 41.16 A.

This calculation shows that a 500W load connected to a 12V battery would draw approximately 41.6A. So a 41.16 Ah capacity battery is required. So we can recommend a 50Ah Battery for this application.

5.Identify any two elements which are connected parallel to each other. Why they are connected in parallel?

Generator

Current and Voltage Regulator

In the image above, a generator with a current and voltage regulator is connected in parallel. When two or more components are connected in parallel, they will have the same potential voltage difference across their ends.

6.Identify any two elements which are connected in series. Why they are connected in series?

Battery: Connected in series with high voltage to enhance performance and energy efficiency.

Starter: Connected in series with the battery to ensure the same current flows through them.