Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit
QESTION 1
Major elements are
1.GENERATOR
2.BATTERY
3.STARTER
QUESTION 2
GENERATOR:
Generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It works based
on principle of faraday law of electromagnetic induction. The faradays law states that
whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field, EMF is induced and this induced
EMF is equal to the rate of change of flux linkages. This EMF can be generated when there is
either relative space or relative time variation between the conductor and magnetic field.
Generators are basically coils of electric conductors, normally copper wire, that are tightly
wound onto a metal core and are mounted to turn around inside an exhibit of large magnets.
An electric conductor moves through a magnetic field, the magnetism will interface with the
electrons in the conductor to induce a flow of electrical current inside it.
BATTERY:
A battery works on the oxidation and reduction reaction of an electrolyte with metals. When two dissimilar metallic substances, called electrode, are placed in a diluted electrolyte, oxidation and reduction reaction take place in the electrodes respectively depending upon the electron affinity of the metal of the electrodes. As a result of the oxidation reaction, one electrode gets negatively charged called cathode and due to the reduction reaction, another electrode gets positively charged called anode.
The cathode forms the negative terminal whereas anode forms the positive terminal of a battery. To understand the basic principle of battery properly, first, we should have some basic concept of electrolytes and electrons affinity. Actually, when two dissimilar metals are immersed in an electrolyte, there will be a potential difference produced between these metals.
If two different kinds of metals are immersed in the same electrolyte solution, one of them will gain electrons and the other will release electrons. Which metal (or metallic compound) will gain electrons and which will lose electrons, depend upon the electron affinity of these metals. The metal with low electron affinity will gain electrons from the negative ions of the electrolyte solution.
On the other hand, the metal with high electron affinity will release electrons and these electrons come out into the electrolyte solution and are added to the positive ions of the solution. In this way, one of these metals gains electrons and another one loses electrons. As a result, there will be a difference in electron concentration between these two metals.
This difference in electron concentration causes an electrical potential difference developed between the metals. This electrical potential difference or emf can be utilized as a source voltage in any electronics or electrical circuit. This is a general and basic principle of battery and this is how a battery works.
2.STARTER:
A starter turns an electric motor or motor controlled electrical equipment on or off, while providing overload protection. Starters represent another evolution in motor control applications. The two main types of starters are Manual Starters and AC Magnetic Motor Starters, commonly known as Motor Starters.
QUESTION 3
GIVEN LOAD FROM BATEERY IS 10A
now to calculate fuse rating we have the formula fuse rating=wattage / voltage
the load is consuming of 500 w power therefore
p= v*i
500=v*10
v=50
voltage = 50 v
now fuse rating = wattage / voltage
f =500/50
f= 10A
QUESTION 4
Given power= 500w
and in the above previous question cureent is given as 10a
voltage =power/current
voltage=500/10
voltage=50 v
now, capacity of battery is
c=i*T
let us consider 1 hr as time
therefore c=10*1
c=10Ah
QUESTION 5
SCALED BEAM OF LIGHTS
AND TAIL STOP LIGHTS are connected in parallel because the voltage accross the bulbs will remain same where glowing of bulb will not get any distrubance
QUESTION 6
BATTERY AND FUSE are connected in series becuase fuses are made to cutoff high currents that are delivered by battery.
Ignition switch and starter are arranged in series connection where when the key is turned on the current is allowed to flow to starter since full current is required by the starter to get started even though voltage may vary.