Introduction to National Building Code and Steps in a Construction project

1) Why are building codes or standards essential for the modeling/ efficiency of drawings in Revit?

ANSWER: -

The building codes or standards that are coined to design by the industry experts that to ensure that the buildings designed to its provisions and standards and we make sure that the buildings follow certain guidelines and it doesn’t way above the general convince limits.

Then, we will have the confidence or guarantee that the designed building will perform its functionality to serve the people once, it is occupied by the public people.

Buildings they are aided with certain provisional codes that we should follow for any type of construction of building, because it should be reviewed by the standard authorities and it is also to be signed off before we could start the construction.

The main purpose of following the national building codes is to save the money and complete the project within the budget.

Building codes that are essential for modeling/efficiency of drawings in revit is to create the planning face of the project by following national building code design provisions: -

• How the layout of the building is going to be.
• What's the orientation of the building is to be.
• Type of geographic location, whether it is located in the hilly/normal regions.
• Size of the window opening suggested in that location.
• Thickness of wall based on the fire rate capacity of the building.
• Providing exit stair case, security alarms, fire alarms, and exit corridors for the high-rise buildings.

2) From the National Building Code list the groups that will be essential to you when you begin modeling in Autodesk Revit.

ANSWER: -

National building code has been formulated with the list of groups for the different disciplines/roles of engineers involved in the construction of the project from start to end. The groups are been divided as follows: -

Group 1 -

• For development, building planning and related aspects.

Group 2 -

• For structural design and related aspects.

Group 2 -

• For construction related aspects including safety.

Group 4 -

• For aspects relating to building services.

Group 5 -

• For aspects relating to plumbing services including solid waste management.

While modeling in the Autodesk revit of creating architectural and structural designs of the building, the groups that will be essential are group 1 and group 2.

Group 1 -

• For development, building planning and related aspects.

The parts that covered under these group are: -

Part 0: integrated approach - prerequisite for applying provisions of the code

Part 2: administration

Part 3: development control rules and general building requirements

Part 4: fire and life safety

Part 5: building materials

Part 10: landscaping, signs and outdoor display structures

section 1 landscaping planning and design

section 2 signs and outdoor display structures

Group 2 -

• For structural designs and related aspects.

The parts that covered under these group are: -

Part 0: - integrated approach - prerequisite for applying provisions of the code

Part 6: - structural design

section 1 loads, forces and effects

section 2 soils and foundations

section 3 timber and bamboo

3a timber

3b bamboo

section 4 masonry

section 5 concrete

5a plain and reinforced concrete

5b prestressed concrete

section 6 steel

section 7 prefabrication, systems building and mixed/composite construction

7a prefabricated concrete

7b systems building and mixed/ composite construction

3) List the five major steps that occur in project cycle. The steps should include from conceptualization of project to maintenance and final stage.

ANSWER: -

The five major steps that occur in the project cycle are described as follows: -

1. LOCATING/SITING: -

For any project the first step for the project is to be located or sited. Based on the geographic location of the project the project parameters can be assigned according to the provisions listed in the national building code.

2. CONCEPTUALIZATION AND PLANNING: -

After the project location has been selected, the next primary part of the project involved is conceptualization and planning of the project. Here in this conceptualization the layout and orientation of the project has to be planned properly with respect to the location.

3. DESIGNING AND DETAILING: -

The next major step involved after the conceptualization and planning of the project is to designing and detailing of the project which discuss about the integrity of the structure based on the conceptual layout that has been developed.

4. CONSTRUCTION/EXECUTION: -

Here, the senior construction engineer reviews the project and all the sort of the constructability issues will be sorted and then, the building is ready to construct and when the review is approved, the building is ready for the occupancy.

5. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR: -

The final stage of the project is to be properly maintained and the repairs has to be made wherever it is necessary.

Therefore, the above are the five major steps that occur in every project cycle.

4) Give examples of different disciplines involved in construction of a project

ANSWER: -

The different discipline engineers involved in construction of a project are: -

1. ARCHITECT: - who prepares the conceptual plans layout of the building.
2. CIVIL ENGINEER: - who does the landscaping.
3. STRUCTURAL ENGINEER: - ensures the integrity of the building.
4. ELECTRICAL ENGINEER: - who fixes the electrical fixtures /creating electrical layouts of the building.
5. PLUMBING ENGINEER: - who take's cares the plumbing fixtures /creates the plumbing layouts of the building.
6. FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEER: - who ensures the life safety of the residents of the building.
7. HVAC ENGINEER: - ensures the building is properly ventilated.
8. ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST: - ensures the solid waste management.
9. TOWN PLANNER: - ensures the building is oriented in proper direction.
10. URBAN DESIGNER: - ensures the building is following appropriate height limits.
11. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT: - ensures that the exterior view of the building has exactly designed for the view appearance.
12. SECURITY SYSTEM SPECIALIST: - ensures the proper security fixtures are added to educational, institutional buildings.
13. INTERIOR DESIGNER: - to add wood works, textures, artificial ceiling in the building for the interior look as fashionable as we desire.
14. QUANTITY SURVEYOR: - to make sure the quantity of each and every material involved in the project construction and prepares the budget of the project.
15. PROJECT/CONSTRUCTION MANAGER: - who oversees the entire project progress and see that the project standards are meant and ensures that the project completes within the time.
16. OTHER SUBJECT SPECIALISTS: - who have a wide knowledge on the various fields of the subject can also be implemented in the project.

Therefore, the above are the different disciplines that are involved in a construction of project.

5) How are buildings classified? Place the following buildings under each category
a. Four-unit apartments
b. School with capacity of 1000 students
c. A single unit shop.
d. Multi story Shopping complex
e. Steel machine factory

ANSWER: -

According to the national building code act, the buildings are categorized as into following types: -

1. Residential buildings.
2. Industrial buildings.
3. Educational buildings.
4. Institutional buildings.
5. Business buildings.
6. Mercantile buildings.
7. Assembly buildings.
8. Storage and hazardous buildings.
9. Multi-storey or high-rise buildings.
10. Four-unit apartments: -

Four-unit apartments are categorized under multi-storeys or high-rise buildings.

1. School with capacity of 1000 students: -

School with capacity of 1000 students is categorized under educational buildings.

1. A single unit shop: -

A single unit shop is categorized under the mercantile buildings.

1. Multi story shopping complex: -

Multi story shopping complex is categorized under the assembly buildings.

1. Steel machine factory: -

Steel machine factory is categorized under the industrial buildings.

6) Distinguish the roles of Design team and Management team

ANSWER: -

DESIGN TEAM AND THEIR ROLES: -

The project requiring multi-disciplinary inputs such as planning, aesthetics, fire and life safety, structural, adequacy, electrical and allied installations, air conditioning etc., which needs a coordinated approach among the professionals for proper integration of various design inputs. For to take care of the complexities of multi-disciplinary requirements, a design team of professionals from required disciplines is allocated to the project.

The role of the design team is to finalize the plan and make sure that proper implementation of the design, the design team, may be comes into play during the construction/execution stage of the project.

MANAGEMENT TEAM AND THEIR ROLES: -

The aim and objective of the management team is to achieve accomplishment of the project within the time with the appropriate design standards and cost framework, with a degree of assurance prior to commencement and satisfaction on accomplishment.

The role of the management team is they are responsible to achieve the satisfactory completion of the project with regard to cost, time and quality.

7) Refer to NBC, Identify the modeling requirements for the project (from week 4).
a. Height Limitations
b. Area Limitations
c. Room sizing
d. Wall height
e. Thickness based on fire life and safety
f. Passageway requirements

ANSWER: -

By referring to the national building code of India, identifying the modeling requirements for the project standards stated below: -

1. Height limitations: -

The limitations of height of the buildings of different occupancy classes and types of construction shall be achieved by specifying in terms of far, which shall be taken into account the various aspects that govern in specifying far as given below: -

• Occupancy class;
• Types of construction;
• Width of street fronting the building and the traffic load;
• Locality where the building is proposed and the density;
• Parking facilities;
• Local firefighting facilities, and
• Water supply and drainage facilities.

The height and number of storeys shall be related to far and the provisions of 8.

Where a building height is not covered by table 3, the maximum height shall be limited according to the width of the street as follows: -

• The maximum height of the building shall not exceed 1.5 times the width of road abutting plus the front open space;
• If a building abuts on two or more streets of different widths, the building shall be deemed to face upon the street that has the greater width.

Height for habitable rooms: -

The modeling requirements for the height of habitable rooms shall not be less than 2.75 m measured from the surface of the floor to the lowest point of the ceiling.

In the case of pitched roof, the average height of rooms shall not be less than 2.75 m.

In the case of air-conditioned rooms, a height of not less than 2.4 m measured from the surface of the floor to the lowest point of the air-conditioning duct or the false ceiling shall be provided.

Height for bathrooms and water-closets: -

The height of a bathroom or water-closet measured from the surface of the floor to the lowest point in the ceiling shall not be less than 2.1 m.

1. Area limitations: -

The limitations of area of the buildings of different occupancy classes and types of construction shall be achieved by specifying in terms of far, which shall be taken into account the various aspects that govern in specifying far as given below: -

• Occupancy class;
• Types of construction;
• Width of street fronting the building and the traffic load;
• Locality where the building is proposed and the density;
• Parking facilities;
• Local firefighting facilities, and
• Water supply and drainage facilities.

1. Room sizing: -

The area of the habitable room shall not be less than 9.5 sq m with minimum width of 2.4 m. (for one room)

The area of the habitable room shall not be less than 9.5 sq and 7.5 sq m with minimum width of 2.1 m. (for multiple rooms)

The area of the kitchen shall not be less than 4.5 sq m and 1.5 m minimum width

The area of the bathroom shall not be less than 1.80 sq m with minimum width of 1.2 m.

1. Wall height: -

The maximum height of the wall shall not be less than 2.4 m from floor level.

1. Thickness of wall based on fire life and safety: -

The minimum thickness of wall to resist the fire is 20cm.

1. Passage way requirements: -

The passageways shall be of width not less than the aggregate required width of exit doorways leading from them in the direction of travel to the exterior.

8)

We have identified requirements for modeling from question 7, Use these numbers from code book and verify the numbers used in modeling the unit from week 2 to week 4. If the numbers are not reasonable, use the numbers obtained from the code book to create a revision of the mode.

This model resembles the actual modeling requirements for Project 1 of course work

ANSWER: -

The numbers of the previous modeling are not appropriate according to the national building code standards.

The habitable rooms, kitchen, bathrooms, passageways requirements are to be modelled up to the standards and the thickness of the walls are also required to be remodeled to 20cm thickness to resist the fire.