Final Project: Electric Rickshaw modelling
Aim: To build an Electric Rickshaw model for the Electric Vehicle.
Study:
In this project we are going to build a MATLAB model for the Electric Rickshaw using a permanent magnet DC motor. Before going into the model specifications we will see how an Electric Rickshaw works and its advantage.
Objectives:
- To build a simple low run-time modelling using Simulink
- To check out performance parameter: Speed, SOC of various drivecycle for an Electric Vehicle.
Methodologies:
Any Electric Vehicle consists of an Electric Motor, Motor Controller, Batteries and Drivetrain. Hence the flow of work will be as follows:
- To identify the propulsion power required.
- To select the motor type and ratings according to the power required.
- To select the battery type and the battery rating according to the need of the Electric vehicle.
The Model developed for the Electric Rickshaw is shown below:
Drivecycle:
The Drivecycle block defines the path of the vehicle. It is nothing but the speed of the vehicle which it will have to follow for his entire journey.
Driver:
Next comes the driver. The driver is a PI controller which senses the vehicle speed coming from the drivecycle and a feedback speed coming from the vehicle and gives the acceleration and brake input accordingly.
Motor Controller:
The motor controller is the part of the vehicle which controls the speed of the motor. In our case the Electric Motor is a Permanent Magnet DC motor. To control a DC motor a H-bridge is used. H-bridge has 4 semiconductor devices which are controlled using PWM method. This PWM voltage control is fulfilled by the PWM voltage block.
The temperature of the DC motor and the H-bridge is also noted.
DC motor parameter:
H- Bridge parameters:
PWM voltage parameters:
Powertrain:
The chasis of the Electric Powertrain consists of the Vehicle body and the 3 tires. For the rear wheels the axles are interconnected and a gearbox is connected with the axle. The Hub port (H) of all the 3 wheels are connected together and are connected to the vehicle body. The rear wheel N port are connected together with the NR port of the vehicle which represents the force acting on the wheels. The N port of the front wheel is also connected with the NF port of the vehicle body.
The Vehicle body parameter:
Tire Parameter:
Battery:
The battery supplies the power to the Electric Motor. The Battery here works on the current required by the motor and hence it is connected in parallel with the current sensor.
Distance calculation:
Results:
Here we see the Electric Vehicle characteristics for the 3 standard Drive cycles.
US06
Velocity response
The velocity is following the Drivecycle, expect when there is rapid change in the velocity and at high velocity the vehicle could not able to follow.
Battery SOC, Battery Current, Battery Current
Motor Temperature
The motor temperature at the end of the drivecycle is pretty high
H-Bridge Temperature
The H-Bridge temperature at the end of the drivecycle is pretty high
EUDC
Velocity response
Here also we can see the vehicle is following the drivecycle but when the speed is more than 25 m/s then the vehicle fails to achieve the speed.
Battery SOC, Battery Current, Battery Current
Motor Temperature
H-Bridge Temperature
UDDS
Velocity response
Battery SOC, Battery Current, Battery Current
Motor Temperature
H-Bridge Temperature
Conclusion:
- From this project we come to know how an Electric rickshaw will perform with respect to standard drive cycle. Since the rickshaw are mostly a slow vehicle so it fails to achieve high speed.
- Along with that we saw how the temperature rise of the controller as well as the motor as the vehicle is continuously moving.