Fender Design - Wheel Arch Challenge

A fender is an enclosure above the wheel of a vehicle it may be of metal or plastic which protects the pedestrian from affecting from dust, mud, water splashes and stones.

For different countries, there are different regulations for fender design which decide the minimum gap between the fender wheel arch and the wheel. There are different regulations for fender they are classified as below,

1. Japanese Regulations-Measure the distance between the fender wheel arch bottom surface to the wheel topmost surface at 3 different regions between the shaded area that is -30^o from the wheel centre axis, wheel centre axis and +50^o from the wheel centre axis the measured distance must be minimum of 5mm in all three positions marked with alphabets as A, B & C in the below image.

2. European Regulations- Measure the distance between the fender wheel arch bottom surface to the wheel topmost surface at 5 different regions between the shaded area that is -30^o from the wheel centre axis, wheel centre axis, +50^o from the wheel centre axis, line intersecting point at 150mm above wheel horizontal axis at wheel arch region and a line bisecting the line SC & SE the measured distance must be minimum of 10mm in all five positions marked with SB, SA, SC, SD & SE in the below image.
3. U.S Regulations- Measure the distance between the fender wheel arch bottom surface to the wheel's topmost surface at different regions between -100^o to +100^o from the wheel centre, all the measured values must be more than 5mm, the image is shown below.

Fender Wheel Arch Observed Values are shown in the below Snapshots and tabular form-

Snapshots

Snapshot of measurement of CL L at section SA (9.9490mm)

Snapshot of measurement of CL L at section SB (10.0000 mm)

Snapshot of measurement of CL L at section SC (-0.1139 mm)

Snapshot of measurement of CL L at section SD (-2.8875 mm)

Snapshot of measurement of CL L at section SE (-5.9973 mm)

Snapshot of measurement of 'a' at 30 deg SB (43.6263 mm)

Snapshot of measurement of 'a' at 50 deg SC (38.3597 mm)

Measured Values in Tabular Form

Sr. No.	Section	Observed Value
1	CL L at SA	9.9490 mm
2	CL L at SB	10.0000 mm
3	CL L at SC	-0.1139 mm
4	CL L at SD	-2.8875 mm
5	CL L at SE	-5.9973 mm
6	'a' at 30 deg SB	42.6263 mm
7	'a' at 50 deg SC	38.3597 mm

Conclusion- Hence from the above tabular data we can clearly see that the given model of fender arch and wheel assembly is not satisfying European regulations.