Fender Design - Wheel Arch Challenge

1. Wheel Arch :-

• Wheel Arch is the semi-circular part of the fender positioned above the wheel of the vehicle.
• The design of Wheel arch of a fender should be such that it must shield wheels and protect both passengers' compartment and pedestrians from projection of water, mud and ston
• For the vehicle to has its use permit in different countries, the wheel arch of fenders must be compliant with the standards and regulations set by the respective countri

2. Objective of Wheel arch challenge :-

The objective of the wheel arch challenge is to calculate the wheel arch area and to prove whether the given fender of car will pass the European standards or not.

Fender is the American English term for the part of an automobile, motorcycle or other vehicle body that frames a wheel well (the fender underside). Its primary purpose is to prevent sand, mud, rocks, liquids, and other road spray from being thrown into the air by the rotating tire. Fenders are typically rigid and can be damaged by contact with the road surface.

Sticky materials, such as mud, may adhere to the smooth outer tire surface, while smooth loose objects, such as stones, can become temporarily embedded in the tread grooves as the tire rolls over the ground. These materials can be ejected from the surface of the tire at high velocity as the tire imparts kinetic energy to the attached objects. For a vehicle moving forward, the top of the tire is rotating upward and forward, and can throw objects into the air at other vehicles or pedestrians in front of the vehicle

3.)Fender regulations :-

As per US regulation, the clearance between tyre and fender must be greater than 5mm. The projected points to be measured are at an angle 0° forward to 100° respectively. Thus each position is divided into 10°. Thus the projected distances are measured at around 21 different points.

Procedure:-

1)sketch:-

The sketch is drawn on the wheel face as per the European Standards provided and projected on the wheel arch at sections SA,SB,SC,SD and SE to measure "L","a"and wheel arch area.

Clearance value:-

1)Measuring "L"for given wheel and fender at

1)SB:-The value of "L"at SB=10mm.

The value of "L"at SB=10mm.

2)SA:-The value of"L"at SA=9.9490mm.

3)SC:The value of "L"at SC=0.1139mm.

4)SD:- The value of"L"at SD=2.887mm.

5)SE:- The value of"L"at SE=5.997mm.

Table of "L" value:-

SECTION	CLEARANCE VALUE "L"	RESULT (L≥10=PASS,L<10=FAIL)
SB	10	PASS
SA	9.9490	FAIL
SC	0.1139	FAIL
SD	2.887	FAIL
SE	5.997	FAIL

From this data of table we can say that the Fender doesn't pass the European standard because it's fails at section SA,SC,SD and SE.

A)Obtaining the value of clearance "a"for wheel guard requirements:-

1)Finding the value of "a"at line 30 Degress forward from centre vertical axis of the wheel.

The value of"a"at line 30 Degress forward from centre vertical axis of the wheel=48.62mm.

2)Finding the value of"a"at line 50 degress rearward from centre vertical axis of the wheel.

The value of "a" at reward axis of the wheel=43.35mm.

Table for"a" value:-

SECTION	ANGLE(in deg.)	CLEARANCE(mm)	RESULT (a>5=Pass,a<5=Fail)
SB	30	48.62	PASS
SC	50	43.35	PASS

The clearance value obtained at SB and SC it passess the european standards.

Wheel arch area:-

Wheel Arch Area=24432.93mm2

CONCLUSION:-

From the above result obtained,we can say or conclude that the given fender dosen't pass the eurppean standards.The stayling team is required to modify the stayling surface of the fender such that the clearance "L"at sections must be greater or equal to 10mm by increasing the curvature at those sections towards outside.