Challenge

Fender Design - Wheel Arch Challenge

YYash Gupta21 Feb 2023

FENDER

Fender is the part of car, truck, motorcycle or other vehicle that cover or frames the wheel well (the fender underside). The main purpose of fender is to prevent the debris, sand, mud, rock, stone and other road spray from being thrown in the air by rotating tires.

'Fender' typically refer to the front panel that cover the front wheel and 'Quarter panel' refer to the rear panel that cover the rear wheel. Fender car part is the body part that installed on left and right side of vehicles to cover the wheel well. Manufatcurer usually attache fender to wheel arches.

Fender should have made up of firm and rigid material such as steel.

WHEEL ARCH

Wheel arch is the semi-circular part of the fender positioned above the wheel of car. Wheel arch is designed in such a way that it protect both pedestrian and car cabin from mud, dust, sand and other road spray.

Main purpose for calculating the wheel arch radius is to position the wheel inside the fender body, because during motion the car tyres will tend to throw the particle present on the road such as sand, mud, paddle etc into the air which mah harm the pedestrians.

Different countries have different wheel arch regulation in place, and wheel ach designed in such a way that it comply with them to deemed usable in that country.

Fender Wheel Arch Regulations :

JAPAN REGULATION REQUIREMENT

Measure clearence 'L' of tire, cap, hub and fender in three different position within area 'K' and produce clearance check chart to validate.
Clearence must be 'more than 5mm' in all three positions.
Wheel guard requirement : The value of 'a' shall be 'more than 5mm' at line 30 degree forward and 50 degree rearward from central vertical axis of axis of wheel.

AMERICAN REGULATION REQUIREMENT

Make clearance check detail on all position from -100 degree to 100 degree and make clearance check table.
All value should be 'greater than 5mm' to satisfy regulation.
Wheel guard requirement : The value of 'a' shall be 'more than 5mm' at line 30 degree forward and 50 degree rearward from central vertical axis of axis of wheel.

EUROPEAN REGULATION REQUIREMENT

Measure clearance 'L' at section SA-SA, SB-SB, SC-SC, SD-SD, SE-SE and prepare clearance check chart to validate.
At all five section clearance 'L' should be greater than 10mm to satify european regulation.
Wheel guard requirement : The value of 'a' shall be 'more than 5mm' at line 30 degree forward and 50 degree rearward from central vertical axis of axis of wheel.

Measurement of Wheel Arch Area according to European standards

For measurement of clearance between wheel arch and wheel we need to creat a sketch on outermost face of the wheel. The procedure for which is given as :

Step-1 : Create a Datum plane at outermost face of the wheel.
Step-2 : Sketch is to be created on the new datum plane.
Step-3 : Horizontal line is draw at the cente axis of wheel.
Step-4 : Perpendicular line SA is to be draw at centre axis of wheel.
Step-5 : Draw two line namely SB at 30° forward of SA and SC at 50° rearward of SA respectively.
Step-6 : Create a point at 150mm from horizontal axis on wheel arch curve of fender. Draw a line SE passes through the point from centre axis of wheel.
Step-7 : Draw line SD from wheel centre in the middle of line SC and SD.
Step-8 : Measure Clearence 'L' and 'a' as per European standard requirement respectively at required section. And, prepare clearance check chart.

Given Model for Wheel Arch Calculation :

Sketch Created on given Model :