Challenge 8

1.Differentiate Static analysis and Dynamic analysis with proper representing picturesStatic Analysis in Structural DynamicsDefinition: Static analysis in structural dynamics involves evaluating structures under static or quasi-static loads, assuming the loads are applied slowly enough that dynamic effects (like inertia…

Question 1 a)  What is the mode of failure or damage of the beams in the figure above?  ElaborateObservations Concrete crushed and the reinforcement is exposed.Concrete spalled beyond reinforcement which may be a sign of ruptureBeam top portion looks safe because of flange advantage from slab.The crack…

1.Describe the DL & SIDL considerations for an open foundation. Soln : DL (Dead Load) and SIDL (Superimposed Dead Load) considerations are important aspects in the analysis and design of structures, including those with open foundations. Here's a description of these considerations in the context of an open foundation:…

1.Briefly describe about soil structure interaction in a pile foundation? Soln : Soil-structure interaction in a pile foundation refers to the dynamic and complex relationship between the soil surrounding a pile and the pile itself. Pile foundations are used to support structures like buildings and bridges, transferring…

1.Explain how the pile caps should be designed considering the tilt and shift conditions and mention advantages of the same? soln : Pile caps are structural elements that distribute the loads from columns or piers to a group of piles. Designing pile caps involves considering various factors, including tilt and shift conditions.…

1. Explain the dead load calculations of a pier cap and a circular pier? Provide the values in KN/m. Inputs: Length=30m Volume of Pier cap=35 m3 Diameter of the pier = 2m Concrete density = 25KN/m3   Soln : Pier Cap Dead Load Calculation:  Volume = 35 m3 (given)  Mass = Volume × Density…

1.What are piers and explain about. Explain loads considered for calculating the total design force Piers are structural elements that support loads from above and transfer them to the ground or another supporting structure. They are vertical members typically made of concrete, steel, or wood and are used in various engineering…

1.What are Pier caps and explain the operations of launching of pier caps Pier caps are structural elements used in bridge construction and other civil engineering projects to provide support and load distribution at the tops of piers or columns. They are typically made of reinforced concrete or other strong materials…

Explain the procedure of transverse analysis of deck slab of a metro viaduct Transverse analysis of a deck slab for a metro viaduct is an essential engineering process to ensure the structural integrity and safety of the viaduct. This analysis involves assessing the deck slab's response to transverse (side-to-side) loads,…

1. Mention the need for a metro rail in a developing economy.  Considering India as a country with developing economy below mentioned points shows the importance of metro rails in India. Metro rails are the most desirable infrastructures for the cities in India. They are known for facilitating people’s safe,…

1. What is elastomeric bearings? And what is made of and the uses of them. Elastomeric bearings are structural components designed to provide flexibility and movement in buildings and infrastructure, particularly in response to dynamic forces like seismic activity, temperature fluctuations, and other forms of motion. These…

1. What is a prestressed I girder? Why should a designer choose I girders when we are having double deck bridges and substantiate your answer with structural clearances? A prestressed I-girder is a type of structural element commonly used in bridge construction and other civil engineering projects. It is designed to support…

1. What are the sectional properties we need upfront for designing a metro viaduct? What is the supporting software for identifying the sectional properties and designing them? 1. Area 2. Perimeter 3. Bounding box 4. Centroid 5. Moment of inertia Supporting software 1) Auto CAD 2) Shape builder 3) Staad Pro. 4) Midas 5) CSI…

1.What are the structural components of a bridge? Explain in detail about the foundation, sub structure and super structure components of the bridge The various parts and components of a bridge are as follows: <!-- [if !supportLists]-->1. <!--[endif]-->Deck <!-- [if !supportLists]-->2. <!--[endif]-->Superstructure…

1.Why is a metro rail needed in countries with developing economy? What is your basic understanding on the differences between a conventional rail system and a metro rail system? Ans: Considering India as a country with developing economy below mentioned points shows the importance of metro rails in India. Metro rails…

Q 1)  The portal beam has two Bearing locations 1m from either end. The load from each bearing is 75 kN. Calculate the support reactions and displacement of each node. Model creation in STAAD Step 1 - Model a Portal frame with 2 portal columns of height 3 m,cross section 300mm x 300mm and Portal beam having length of 4m…

Answers were manually written and attached as PDF

  Q 1. Difference B/w active & passive earth pressure. The minimum value of lateral earth pressure exerted by soil on a structure, occurring when the soil is allowed to yield sufficiently to cause its internal shearing resistance along a potential failure surface to be completely mobilized. Passive pressure is a…

Q1. Design the pile of the below mentioned bridge . considering 28 m straight span. With abutment having backfill With abutment having RE wall. Vertical capacity-250 tonne horizontal capacity -40 tonne   Soln :  PDF files with manual calculation attached in the attachment.   Q 2)List out different components…

Q 1)What all checks need to be followed in design of well foundation regarding the stability and the design. List out all the necessary clauses from IRC codes applicable. Ans : The following two methods for stability analysis of well foundations are discussed below: 1. Terzaghi’s method. 2. IRC method. 1. Terzaghi’s…

Q1. In a river of linear waterway 90 m and design discharge as 700 cumec and having silt factor as 1 . Fix the span and type of foundation if HFL is 3 m from the ground. Velocity of water 1.2m/sec Calculate the forces as per IRC 6 on the foundation and propose the foundation. assume simply supported bridges continuous…

Q 1 : Calculate the loads as per IRC 6 assuming bridge in Bangalore on the pile group of the below given bridge for the abutment.(ignore temperature and wind) Weight of Crash barrier and railing can be assumed as 10kn/running meter Soln :   Q 2 :  List all the components of the well foundation and list the minimum…

Question 1:   How to fix number of piles in the deep foundation?   Answer :- Piles are the structural component which comes under the deep foundation. The function of the pile is to transmit a load of a structure to competent sub-surface strata by the resistance developed from bearing at the toe or skin friction…

The Staad model has been created according to the sizes given. The model with given sizes in the problem has been created. Different Properties of the frame structure has been defined and assigned. top slab Bottom and side wall  Haunch Portion SUPPORT IN STAAD KFY = C/C OF NODES * SPRING CONSTANT  SPRING CONSTANT…

Manual Calculation 1. Self Weight of the bottom Slab The thickness of the bottom slab  = 0.9m  Width of the Underpass = 12.0m Thickness of wall = 0.9m Volume of slab =  (12+2 x 0.9) x 0.9 x 1 = 12.42 m3 Slf wt of slab = 12.42 x 2.5 = 31.05 t 2. Earth Pressure Calculation phi = 30 degree earth pressure co-efficient…

1 Basic design data     1.1 Span and cross-section data Left span Right span   C/C of expansion gap 13.3 13.3   C/C of bearing 12.3 12.3   Distance of bearing to expansion gap 0.5 m 0.5 m   Girder overhang beyond bearing 0.35 1.35   Total Width 12m 12m   Carriage way width 9m…

    Shallow foundation: The foundation which is placed near the surface of the earth or transfers the loads at a shallow depth is called the shallow foundation. Shallow foundations are commonly used as they are the most economical foundation type and they are easy to construct. A shallow foundation is constructed in…

Q1.How hydrology and geotechnical studies (preliminary and detail studies, zone of influence) are used in fixing span  as per IRC standards and type of bridge. Mention the clauses applicable for the same. Determine the scour depth at the pier and abutment location having silt factor =3 Design discharge = 1000 cumecs…

Q 1 - Define all loads to be applied in the abutment of the bridge as per IRC 6 and mention the clauses. and check overturning and sliding of 4 m height of Abutment (from ground level) , embedded 2 m in ground.Use coefficient of friction =0.5.Soil density =18 kn/m3.Design the section of stem, heel and toe. Also show…

1.What are different type of foundation in bridges and how selection of type is made.   There are two types of foundation -Shallow foundation -Deep foundation   SHALLOW FOUNDATION Definition : - When the Depth of the foundation is less than or equal to its breadth then we choose shallow foundation Types : - *Combined…

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE WITH WATER CURRENT LOAD,CENTRIFUGAL LOAD,WAVE LOAD,SNOW LOAD,TEMPERATURE LOAD AND BARGE LOAD  AIM To Design and analyse a bridge with Water current load,Centrifugal load,wave load,snow load,temperature load and barge load using STAAD Pro. Software.   INTRODUCTION As per the…

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A BRIDGE WITH BARGE IMPACT LOAD  AIM To Design and analyse a bridge with Barge impact load using STAAD Pro. Software.   INTRODUCTION As per the given data with standard  formulas  the Barge load due to Panamax is  being calculated manually.       KE = 500 x…

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A BRIDGE WITH TEMPERATURE LOAD  AIM To Design and analyse a bridge with Temperature load using STAAD Pro. Software.   INTRODUCTION As per the given data with standard  formulas as per IRC 6 the temperature load  is  being calculated manually. As the bridge has to be designed…

AIM To Design and analyse a bridge with Snow load using STAAD Pro. Software.   INTRODUCTION As per the given data with standard  formulas as per IS 875 Part 4 the Snow load  is  being calculated manually. Density of snow = 2 KN/m3 So = Density of snow x depth of snow accumulation x span of bridge …

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE WITH WAVE LOADS   AIM To Design and analyse a bridge with Wave load using STAAD Pro. Software.   INTRODUCTION   As per the given data  and standard  formulas the Wave load  is  being calculated manually.  η max = 3 Δ zh     =…

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE WITH CENTRIFUGAL LOAD   AIM To Design and analyse a bridge with Centrifugal load using STAAD Pro. Software.   INTRODUCTION As per the given data  and standard  formulas the centrifugal load  is  being calculated manually.   As given in question Live…

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE WITH WATER CURRENT LOADS   AIM To Design and analyse a bridge with Water current loads using STAAD Pro. Software.   INTRODUCTION As per the given data  and standard  formulas the water current load  is  being calculated manually.   Max. velocity = √2…

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE WITH DEAD LOAD,IRS LIVE LOAD,WIND LOAD,EARTH PRESSURE LOAD AND SEISMIC LOAD FOR AHMEDABAD METRO RAIL PROJECT   AIM To Design and analyse a  bridge with Dead load,IRS Live load,Earth pressure load,Wind load and seismic load using STAAD Pro. Software.   INTRODUCTION As per the…

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE WITH PIPE LOADS   AIM To Design and analyse a Truss bridge with Pipe loads using STAAD Pro. Software.   INTRODUCTION As per the given data  with reference of CPHEEO and standard  formulas the DI Pipe load  is  being calculated manually.   Live load of…

                                                                               DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE WITH WIND LOADS…

          DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE WITH SOIL AND FOUNDATION LOADS   AIM To Design and analyse a bridge with Soil and Foundation loads using STAAD Pro. Software.   INTRODUCTION As per the given data to calculate the soil load on abutment wall and foundation with reference of  UNIT…

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF I GIRDER BRIDGE WITH IRS RAILWAY LOADS   AIM To Design and analyse a I girder bridge with IRS Railway loads using STAAD Pro. Software.   INTRODUCTION As per the given data to calculate the dead loads of the box girder bridge UNIT WEIGHT OF BUILDING MATERIALS/DEAD LOAD OF BUILDING MATERIALS…

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF I GIRDER BRIDGE   AIM To Analyse and design a I girder bridge using STAAD Pro. Software.   INTRODUCTION As per the given data to calculate the dead loads of the box girder bridge UNIT WEIGHT OF BUILDING MATERIALS/DEAD LOAD OF BUILDING MATERIALS AS PER IS 875(Part - 1) - 1987 is being…

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