Challenge 1

Que (3):- Why DMRC is the busiest metro in India. Apart from the points mentioned in the course video. You can find several interesting facts on the internet. Please research and provide your learnings.

Answer :-

It is by far the largest and busiest metro rail system in India, and the second oldest after the Kolkata Metro. It is constructed in capital city of india & there are many company like mnc which are working in that location & Delhi metro provide commute to the people who work in that company and one main important reasons are dehli cities is a most populated city in India. With 348.12 kilometers (216.31 mi), the Delhi Metro went on to be the longest and by far the busiest metro system in India. The world's 9th longest metro system in length and 16th largest in ridership. Kashmere Gate recently has overtaken Rajiv Chowk as the busiest station on the Delhi Metro network.

Que (4):- What are the components of a Metro rail? Explain briefly about the concepts of the components?

Answer :-

There are three ccomponents of in metro rail.

• Elevated
• Underground
• Station.

Elevated Metro:-

Elevated metro consist of frame structure which is constructed abve the ground we can see with our eyes, It is most preferable component of metro rail tite required is less as compair to underground.

Underground Metro:-

Undergrund metro is constructed below the ground, underground is constructed because of all the area already occupied by something i.e. building, existing bridge, religious place ect. underground is mostly costlier than elevated, It is not preferred by choice it is a compulsion.

Station:-

Station is a component where the train is stopped and takes a passenger and drops to another location or station. Stations are provided at different important location of those cities.

Que (5):- Elevated metro or Underground metro which metro rail system shall be preferred? Justify your choice of the system.

Answer:-

Elevated metro is most prefered metro rail system as compair to underground metro rail because of economy wise and other factor also. For elevated metro we can see above construction happening with our naked eyes. Any obstacle that occurs during construction we can manage that obstacle or we can aslo change the plan. but in the underground metro, many utilities run below the ground that we can't see with our eyes during construction we may face difficulties with construction. In many old city like kolkata, Dehli, etc construction of underground metro is difficult so that is why we prefer to elevated metro. Elevated metro construction is fastest and rapid as compair to underground metro, and the cost for construction of underground metro is higher.

Some times we can not construct the elevated metro because of congested space in the city so we have to go for the underground metro. As a choice I go for the economy, but sometimes the underground station is a compulsion we can't ignore it.

Que (6):- What is a Design Basis Report (DBR)? In which phase of a project a DBR is prepared?

Answer:-

Design Basis Report (DBR) is the first document that is prepared before the design of the metro. In that document's brief description of the project is give, geometrical design features, and the scope of the project. All the engineers who are involved in that metro project shall follow the description according to the DBR.

In very starting phase of planning the metro project this document is created. according to this document designer engineer should design a metro system, many clauses, dimention , codes , points related to design should be followed

Que (7):- What is significance of a DBR of an elevated metro?

Answer:-

As we from above question design basis report (DBR) first document prepared before designing of metro structure. significance of DBR is imp because on the basis of that report we have to design the metro structure, In that document, many imp clauses are given related to design, references with respect to IRC, and different codes,

Following are the important which is mention in DBR report.

• Proposed structural system of viaduct.
• Clearence for structure.
• Structural material and property.
• Type of lodes.
• Load combination.
• Design parameters.
• Design methodology.
• Design codes and standards.
• Design software.. (etc)

Que (8):- In the planning of the metro project, what is the chronology of activities before the construction?

Answer:-

Before construction of the metro many activities we have to follow like, First we have to conduct a topographical survey, planning of the metro maps, phase-wise construction planning, collection of city data like wind speed of that city, suppose river running in that city so data of that river width, the velocity of river water current, we have to mention the location of that structure, pier location and station location, the structural arrangement of the metro project. after all the planing and aggrement of the design engineer related to the project is ok then we have to go for construction process.

Que (9):- What is a topographical survey? Why it is necessary for the metro rail project?

Answer:-

A topographic, or topographical, land survey shows the height, depth, size and location of any manmade or natural features on a given parcel of land, as well as the changes or contours in elevation throughout the parcel. While boundary surveys focus on horizontal measurements, topographic surveys are about elevation.

It very important for the metro rail project as well as other projects also, Metro rail is running from the inside city and the city is a highly populated area that why topgraphical surver is necessary, In the topographical survey we find the position of the bridge at a different location, highly dense area, we can also alternative route for construction of metro

By this surver some time we can also find utility running under the ground etc.

Que (10):- What are the hindrances that could be there whilst planning to connect any to two stations in a city during metro construction?

Answer:-

During planning to connect any to the station in the city we can face many challenges like Land and property acquisition and resettlement issues, changing of the location of metro stations or change in direction or route, if metro is a crossing river or big highway we have to change dimensions or the rout of the metro, thet effect on the economy of the project many time we have to realign the route of the metro according to the problem.

Que (11):- What are underground utilities which would be there existing under the ground level. Also mention some other utilities apart from the ones mentioned in the course.

Answer:-

Following are the underground utility which would be existed under the ground.

Underground utilities are any public service infrastructures installed beneath the ground surface

• Electric power lines, cables, conduit, and lighting cables.
• Telecommunication, alarm or signal lines, cables, or conduit.
• Natural gas, oil, steam, petroleum, or other gaseous or flammable material.
• Sewers and drain lines.
• Drinking water.
• Reclaimed water, irrigation, and slurry lines.
• Temporary survey markings, unknown/unidentified facilities.

Que (12):- Mention in detail the solutions a designer would be suggesting as the challenges of underground utilities.

Answer:-

Durinng construction if we face any challenges with underground utilities then there are many solutions to tackle that problem. like if we find any pipe which are running below to pier so in that case, we have to change the location of the pier either we have to take forward or backward, we can also change the location of the foundtion or pile location and one other solution is before the design we have to do utility survey of that city, If this solution didn't work the we have to change the the allignment of project, are also to provide any cantilever solution or portal frame etc.

Que (13):- What is known as feeding of U-girders and how it is launched during construction?

Answer:-

Feeding of the u girder means launching of the grider from the ground and placed it on pier cap without disturbing the traffic we can parrallely run the constrution without disturbing the traffic. during construction launching gantry or crane s use to launch the girder, launching gantry is made up of steel assembly which run on pier it have lifting are which take girder up and place it on pier, it have three legs which is placed on two piers and next pier is use for launching or working purpose, It also ensure the fast construction in that project

Que (14):- What are the advantages of precast girders in an elevated metro? Explain in detail about the how it is efficient over the cast in-situ girders?

Answer:-

Metro project is constructed inside the city so why is a precast girder is the most preferable option in an elevated metro, cast in-situ girders is not efficient in heavely populated are because traffic is running below the project that is the reason we have to prefer for precast girder and another major advantage is we can make precast girder in other location and take back to site launching location. that can reduce the time and cost of construction.