Week 8: Literature review - RANS derivation and analysis

Aim-   To illustrate the mechanism of spherical, cylindrical, translational and revolute joints between rigid bodies and deformable bodies. The various types of joints can be created in LS-Dyna using the CONSTRAINED_JOINT keyword. Procedure- A. Joints between rigid bodies The various types of joints between rigid bodies…

Aim: To perform and simulate the non-linear case of Birdstrike in Aero-engine using explicit analysis in LS-Dyna Objective:  The FE model consists of 4 parts that need to be separated and save part-wise. The suitable material is created and saved in a subfolder The node number, element number, and part number are assigned…

Aim : Use the diagram of the true stress-strain curve of graphite iron casting. Two curves are there for different material structures. Students need to pick any one of them and use the data to create either a MAT_024 or MAT_018 material model and then validate it.  Solution :  It is very important…

AIM: To use mass scaling to reduce the runtime of a model and ensure the stability of mass scaling. The hard limit on mass scaling is 8% and stability should be completely intact. To run the same model using implicit solver with necessary changes and compare implicit and explicit runtime. OBJECTIVES: To perform the mass…

Introduction The Ogden material model is a hyper elastic material model used to describe the non-linear stress–strain behavior of complex materials such as rubbers, polymers, and biological tissue. The model was developed by Raymond Ogden in 1972. The Ogden model, like other hyper elastic material models,…

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this project is to model spot welds to join two sheet metal components using beam elements on the first case and solid elements on the second and compare the  axial and shear force experienced by the spot welds in both cases. LS DYNS SETUP : CASE-1: BEAM SPOTWELD SPOTWELD ELEMENT GENERATION:…

AIM: To create a complete simulation file for-crash analysis of crash box having two different thickness of 1.2 mm and 1.5 mm from the given FE model of crashbox and produce the following deliverables.   Input. k file and output files (D3PLOT, GLSTAT, SLEOUT, RCFORC) Animation of the final simulation Cross-sectional…

AIM: To perform a drop test simulation of a cell phone dropped on a plate under initial velocity using LS-Dyna.   OBJECTIVE : To create the simulation file (input file ) from the given K format type of file. To create the material card. To create a section card. To assign material and section card…

WEEK 2 -EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT ANALYSIS        Objective: • To solve the given non-linear equation "F(u)- u3+9u2-4u" using both Explicit and Implicit Methods. • To perform 3 steps for both explicit and implicit Methods & calculate the various parameters such as displacement, stiffness, internal & external forces. Then,…

Aim: To convert the Given measurement values to different Unit Systems Objective: Different industries use different system of units as per their convenience. The units for the basic measurement quantities, mass distance and time - dictate how the other derived quantities will be expressed. For example, automotive industries…

                                            2D Cavitation Simulation   Aim: 1) Set up and run 3 cases for Winkl Hoffer Nozzle to study Cavitation, Case 1: Set up the case for Pressure difference of 30 bars Case 2: Set up the case for Pressure difference of 70 bars Case 3: Set up the case for Pressure difference of 100…

Title: Turbo Charger Simulation Aim:  To run simulation for 3 different pressure ratios of 2, 2.5  and 3. To increase the END TIME of the simulation and check if convergence is achieved for the angular velocity of the Turbine.  Theory A turbocharger (technically a turbosupercharger), is a turbine-driven, force induction…

                                                         Proportional Valve Simulation   Aim:  SImulate a steady state flow of a proportional value with different pressure ratios and capture the pressure force acting on the spindle and tabulate the results while using it with and without AMR. Also perform a FSI transient…

Aim: To Complete Boundary Flagging and run NO HYDRO. Get Supercharger performance data (i.e total pressure ratio vs mass flow rate) Array of Pressure Ratio = [ 1.1 1.5 2.0 2.2] i.e for these 4 values of Pressure ratio get the mass flow rate and plot the graph between the total pressure ratio and mass…

Aim: To Perform a transient simulation on a Centrifugal pump to calculate the pressure drop while providing mass flow outlet boundary conditions. Post-process the results and obtain the graph total pressure v/s mass flow rate to calculate pump efficiency. Carry the simulation for 3 different outflow mass flow rates: 130Kg/s,…

Answer   Reynolds Stress Reynolds stress results from the turbulent transport of momentum. It can be defined as the component of the total stress tensor in a fluid obtained from the averaging operation over the Navier-Stokes equations to account for turbulent fluctuations in fluid momentum. In terms of accuracy for modeling…

SHOCK TUBE SIMULATION PROJECT Setup a transient shock tube simulation Plot the pressure and temperature history in the entire domain - Explain the result Plot the cell count as a function of time - Explain the result   Here we are going to deal with a simulation project of a simple Shock Tube Problem.   This is the geometry…

Prandtl Meyer Shock problem   1. Shock flow boundary conditions Do a literature search on what BC's are typically used for shock flow problems 2. What is a shock wave? In your own words, describe the physics behind shock waves 3. Effect of SGS parameter on shock location In the Prandtl Meyer shock problem, look at the…

Week 4.2: Project - Transient simulation of flow over a throttle body Setup and run transient state simulation for flow over a throttle body. Post process the results and show pressure and velocity contours. Show the mesh (i.e surface with edges) Show the plots for pressure, velocity, mass flow rate and total cell count.…

  Week 4.1: Project - Steady-state simulation of flow over a throttle body Answer This geometry is a basic 3D representation of a simple throttle body used in vehicles, which is used to control the  air flow towards engine. We are going to do a basic simulation in converge.   First, we are going to scale…

Answer This is a simple geometry for the analysis of a fluid through a backward-facing step. Firstly, we need to scale down the geometry as its a big so simulation time will be huge, so we re-scaled to 0.001. Boundary condition Make the Gas simulation as Default Global Transport Parameters - make it default reaction mechanicsm…

Week 1: Channel flow simulation using CONVERGE CFD   1. For this challenge, we will be setting up a channel flow tutorial. 2. As you watch these videos, set up the case in CONVERGE 3. Make sure the inlet pressure and initial pressure are the same.  4. Once you have the base setup ready, run the case for three…

  AIM: To simulate, analyze, and compare the significances of both omega and open w pistons. INTRODUCTION: In this project, I will demonstrate the diesel engine simulation and the characteristic difference between open w type piston and omega type piston.  The simulation will be a close sector analysis with a…

Q1. What is the Compression ratio for the engine? Compression ratio = Total Volume/Clearance Volume = (Vs+Vc)/Vc Here, Vs - Swept Volume, Vc - Clearance Volume The below plot shows the variation of cylinder volume with respect to the Crank angle.     Stroke Volume:  Clearance Volume:    Using…

Aim : To set up a combustion simulation with the details given in the challenge and to study different properties of combustion by post processing the results obtained by the calculation of the full hydrodynamic set up of the given geometry. Objective : 1. What is the compression ratio of this engine? 2. Why do we need…

Objective   To make NO HYDRO case set up of an IC engine. Make boundary flagging and complete the whole set up in order to figure out if the Geometry moves correctly during the run. Geometry   Boundary Flagging Piston (Piston Head) Inflow  (Inlet) Marked as Red liner (Marked in Red) Cylinder Head Exhaust port Outflow Exhaust…

Answer   Reynolds Stress Reynolds stress results from the turbulent transport of momentum. It can be defined as the component of the total stress tensor in a fluid obtained from the averaging operation over the Navier-Stokes equations to account for turbulent fluctuations in fluid momentum. In terms of accuracy for…

SHOCK TUBE SIMULATION PROJECT Setup a transient shock tube simulation Plot the pressure and temperature history in the entire domain - Explain the result Plot the cell count as a function of time - Explain the result   Here we are going to deal with a simulation project of a simple Shock Tube Problem.   This is the geometry…

Week 6: Conjugate Heat Transfer Simulation   ANSWERS   As the Reynolds Number is 7000, on further calculation, we got the velocity is 2.58 m/s. So we use velocity = 2.6m/s for the future calculation.   CASE 1 As for the first case, we use Grid size = 0.004mm and Super cycle stage interval size = 0.01.   Here Today we are…

Your Answers Prandtl Meyer Shock problem   1. Shock flow boundary conditions Do a literature search on what BC's are typically used for shock flow problems 2. What is a shock wave? In your own words, describe the physics behind shock waves 3. Effect of SGS parameter on shock location In the Prandtl Meyer shock problem,…

Week 4.2: Project - Transient simulation of flow over a throttle body Setup and run transient state simulation for flow over a throttle body. Post process the results and show pressure and velocity contours. Show the mesh (i.e surface with edges) Show the plots for pressure, velocity, mass flow rate and total cell count.…

Week 4.1: Project - Steady-state simulation of flow over a throttle body Answer This geometry is a basic 3D representation of a simple throttle body used in vehicles, which is used to control the  air flow towards engine. We are going to do a basic simulation in converge.   First, we are going to scale down the…

Week 3: Flow over a backward-facing step Once you have watched the video, setup the case in CONVERGE Once you have the base setup ready, run the case for three different base mesh sizes dx = dy = dz =2e-3m dx = dy = dz =1.5e-3m dx = dy = dz =1.0e-3m (If this is too much for your PC, use 1.2e-3m) Post process your results…

Week 1: Channel flow simulation using CONVERGE CFD   1. For this challenge, we will be setting up a channel flow tutorial. 2. As you watch these videos, set up the case in CONVERGE 3. Make sure the inlet pressure and initial pressure are the same.  4. Once you have the base setup ready, run the case for three…

Week 9 - Creating connection for Rear door   This week, the connections for the front door by using different 1D elements are taught in detail.  Now for the given Rear door FE model, Create and Apply different PIDs for different components. By using the same technique and the elements as shown in the video, Perform…

Week- 8 - Solid meshing   For the given Rear view mirror component, check for the geometrical errors and mesh the Surfaces with the given 2D element Quality criterias given below.    S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average length   1 2 Minimum Length  0.5 3 Maximum Length …

Project 2 - 2D meshing on the instrumental Panel   For the given component, check for the geometrical errors and mesh with the given element Quality criteria. After meshing the component the thickness has to be assigned. Write a detailed report on your meshing process and also mention which method you used to extract…

Week - 5 - 2D meshing for Plastic components   For the given Plastic Bottle Cap model, check for the geometrical errors and take the mid surface by suitable mid surfacing techniques. PID and Thickness assignment has to be done for all the mid surfaces. Mesh the same with the given element Quality criteria. (Refer…

Project 1 - Meshing of Floor Panel Aim To Mesh the given floor panel for the given quality criteria. Importing CAD Model This is the geometry of the floor panel     Checking for Geometry errors   While checking for geometry, we have seen many errors, most of them are fixable, but there are some errors which…

Week 4 - 2D Meshing for Sheet Metal For the given CCB CAD model, Check for the Geometry cleanup (if required), Take the mid surface, and Mesh it with the below 2D element Quality criteria.    The Below given is the CAD geometry of a CCB, which we need to be meshed as per the requirement.   First we need…

Week 3 - 2D meshing for Sheet metal For the given Hood model, Take the mid surface for all the components after checking the geometrical errors and mesh the mid surface with the given element Quality criteria. (Refer the table Below for the Quality criteria)  Objective- To clean and mesh the given Hood geometry. After…

Aim: Discretization of 3D intake manifold using GEM-3D   Objective: 1. Tutorial- single cyl DI add case 2 with discretization length 0.1 mm for intake runner and compare with default case 1 Parameters-Torque, BSFC, max cylinder pressure simulation time 2. Explore tutorial no 2 (GEM3D) - “Building…

Aim: To Explore tutorial number 9 and write a detailed report (50 marks) To  Build FRM Model for following configuration using FRM builder approach (50 marks) Bore 102 mm stroke 115 mm CR 17 No of cylinder 6 CI engine Twin Scroll Turbine GT Controller Introduction:    FRM is a physical engine model that…

Week-6 : Turbocharger Modelling   List down different TC and locate examples from GT Power Explore tutorial number 6 and 7 Plot operating points on compressor and turbine maps In which application Variable Geometry Turbine is beneficial? Explore example- Diesel VGT EGR and understand the modeling part   What…

Week-4 : Basic Calibration of Single cylinder CI-Engine     SI vs CI S.No./Engine type                                SI engine                                       …

Week 2 : Basic Calibration of Single cylinder SI-Engine     1.Run the case at 1800 rpm and list down important parameters (20 Marks) air flow rate BMEP BSFC In-cylinder pressure 2. Increase the power output at 3600 rpm by 10% (30 Marks)   Answer   Introduction A spark-ignition engine (SI engine)…

Week 1 : Exploring the GUI of GT-POWER   Questions  1. Explore the GUI of GT SUITE and list down modules available with brief descriptions.   GT-SUITE is the industry-leading simulation tool with capabilities and libraries aimed at a wide variety of applications and industries. It offers engineers functionalities…

Week 12- Major Project (CFD Analysis on Combustion in a SCRAMJET engine)   In this challenge, i am going to calculate how the fuel injector is working on a SCRAMJET engine.   This is the schematic diagram of the scramjet engine which we are going to deal today.     We made the geometry according to…

Week 11- Broadband Noise modelling over Ahmed body   In this challenge, you are required to do the following. Describe Ahmed's body and its importance. Setup the domain and setup assuming body is travelling at 110 kmph Run the setup till convergence and plot for static pressure and coefficient of drag and lift to…

Week 9- Unsteady moving zones Approach   Simulate the motion of blades in a generic turbomachinery component using an unsteady approach. Assume blade rotation at 300rpm Choose an appropriate time step for the simulation and generate an animation file for the rotation. Answer   AIM: To simulate the motion…

Week 8- Moving zones approach in Fluent What are the approaches by which you would model moving zones? Which approach would you use to model unsteady phenomena? Simulate rotary motion for the geometry given Plot the velocity profile of the fluid motion Answer The two type of flow in in a fluid motion are rectilinear and…

Week 7 - Minor Project In this project, the student will have to setup the domain for analysis of flow over an airfoil at subsonic and supersonic regime. The airfoil will be analysed at 3 different angles of attack and the lift and drag coefficient will be compared in all cases Create domain for flow analysis Setup simulation…

Week 5 - Turbulence modelling challenge   In this challenge, you are required to do a literature review of various turbulence models explained in the Turbulence modeling video (Week-5) and explain why DNS isn’t feasible according to Kolmogorov's scale. For the below geometry performs a 3D simulation and explain…

Week 3 - Pitot tube   1. A pitot static tube geometry is attached below.     a.You are required to do a literature review of pitot-static tube. Also establish a relationship between Total (stagnation) pressure and static pressure     b.You are required to create surfaces and fill it separately…

Converge-Divergent Nozzle  Consider the converging-diverging nozzle below with the dimensions. For the following boundary conditions,    At Inlet, Pressure = 1atm and Temperature = 300K. The outlet pressure= 0.027 atm. In the operating conditions, consider the reference pressure to be zero.   Answer…

Aim To model and simulate flow around an Ahmed Body using Converge CFD and compare the simulation results with provided experimental data Answer Introduction and Theory The Ahmed body is a generic car body (a simplified vehicle model). The airflow around the Ahmed body captures the essential flow features around an automobile…

Week 9 - Mini project - Flow over an Airfoil    You will have to calculate the following, Drag co-efficient Vs Angle of Attack Lift co-efficient vs Angle of Attack Compare the effect of turbulence models on the above two results. Make sure that the inlet Reynolds number is 200,000 Make sure you do above calculations…

Week 8: Literature review RANS derivation and analysis Apply Reynolds decomposition to the NS equations and come up with the expression for Reynolds stress. Explain your understanding of the terms Reynolds stress What is turbulent viscosity? How is it different from molecular viscosity?   Answer   Reynolds Stress…

SHOCK TUBE SIMULATION PROJECT Setup a transient shock tube simulation Plot the pressure and temperature history in the entire domain - Explain the result Plot the cell count as a function of time - Explain the result   Here we are going to deal with a simulation project of a simple Shock Tube Problem.   This…

ASSIGNMENT Baseline configuration Setup a flow simulation through a pipe Inlet Reynolds number should be 7,000  Re = (rho*V*D)/(Dynamic viscosity) Turbulence modelling - K-Epsilon Supercycling parameters - same as in the video Additional 3D outputs Add Y+ to your post.in file Grid dependence test Start with an…

Prandtl Meyer Shock problem   1. Shock flow boundary conditions Do a literature search on what BC's are typically used for shock flow problems 2. What is a shock wave? In your own words, describe the physics behind shock waves 3. Effect of SGS parameter on shock location In the Prandtl Meyer shock problem, look at…

Week 4.2: Project Transient simulation of flow over a throttle body Here the project is the same as that of the previous one other than a few changes. Here the changes are in the throttle body deflection. Throttle profile info: From 0 to 2 ms the valve should rotate by 25 degrees. From 2 to 4ms it should stay at 25 degrees.…

Project: Steady-state simulation of flow over a throttle body   Answer The Geometry. This is a simple 3D geometry of a throttle body, which is mainly used to control the air flow passing through it. Here is a basic simulation depicting velocity and pressure of the fluid passing through it.   For the first, we…

Once you have watched the video, setup the case in CONVERGE Once you have the base setup ready, run the case for three different base mesh sizes dx = dy = dz =2e-3 m dx = dy = dz =1.5e-3 m dx = dy = dz =1.0e-3 m (If this is too much for your PC, use 1.2e-3 m)   Answers This is a simple basic analysis of fluid simulation…

1. For this challenge, we will be setting up a channel flow tutorial. 2. As you watch these videos, setup the case in CONVERGE 3. Make sure the inlet pressure and initial pressure are the same.  4. Once you have the base setup ready, run the case for three different base mesh sizes i.e You need to run 3 simulations…

AIM For the given models, check for the geometrical errors and delete surfaces which are unwanted for Surface wrap as shown in the videos. After clearing geometry, Merge all 3 models and perform surface wrap. Target length for Wrap = 3 mmWrite a detailed report on steps followed to finish this challenge.   PREFACE…

PROJECT - BMW M6 Preprocessing    For the given model, check and solve all geometrical errors on half portion and Assign appropriate PIDs. Perform meshing with the given Target length and element Quality criteria. After meshing the half model, Do symmetry to the other side. Target lengths for the different parts…

Objective For the given model, check for the geometrical errors to make appropriate volumes. Create and assign PIDs as shown in the video. Perform surface mesh with the given target lengths as per PIDs. Blade stage-1 = 1 mm Blade stage-2 = 1 mm Impeller = 2 mm Shaft rotor = 1 mm Turbo casing = 5 mm Compressor casing =…

AIM For the given model, check for the geometrical errors and perform Topology cleanup accordingly. Set three different target lengths as three different cases and mesh the model.  Target length = 1mm, 3 mm and 5 mm (i.e. 3 cases) Element type = Tria Apply any one target length from the above at a time for the entire…

Objective To perform a combustion simulation on the combustor model and plot the variation of the mass fraction of the different species’ in the simulation using line probes at different locations of the combustor as shown in Fig. You need to plot for CO2, H2O, CH4, N2, O2, NOx emissions & Soot formation.  …

Objective  You will have to perform a parametric study on the gate valve simulation by setting the opening from 10 % to 80%.  Obtain the mass flow rates at the outlet for each design point. Calculate the flow coefficient and flow factor for each opening and plot the graph. Discuss the results of the mass flow…

 1. To write a few words about any four empirical models used to calculate the cyclone separator efficiency Cyclone separators are separation devices that use the principle of inertia to remove particulate matter from flue gases. Cyclone separators is one of many air pollution control device known as pre-cleaners…

The Geometry  This is the geometry of the graphics card which we are going to simulate. It contains three main parts the      Base Board ( baseplate)      Fin      Processor The Side view of the Graphics card, as you can see the green part showing is the processor and the…

1. What are some practical CFD models that have been based on the mathematical analysis of Rayleigh Taylor waves? In your own words, explain how these mathematical models have been adapted for CFD calculations. Rayleigh Taylor Instability is used to measure the instability of two fluids of different densities, which occurs…

Conjugate Heat Transfer Conjugate Heat Transfer combines with the combination of heat transfers in solids and heat transfer in fluids. In solids, conduction often dominates whereas in fluids, convection usually dominates. Conjugate heat transfer is observed in many situations. For example, heat sinks are optimized to combine…

 Describe Ahmed's body and its importance?   The Ahmed body is a simplified car body used in the automobile field to study the impact of the flow pattern on drag. The external aerodynamics of the car defines many major traits of an automobile like stability, comfort, and fuel consumption at high speeds. The flow…

Aim Simulate the flow over a cylinder and explain the phenomenon of Karman vortex street.    PART-I Simulate the flow with the steady and unsteady case and calculate the Strouhal Number for Re= 100.  PART-II Calculate the coefficient of drag and lift over a cylinder by setting the Reynolds number to 10,100,1000,10000…

Question For this challenge, we have created two versions of the mixing tee. One of them is longer than the other. Your job is to set up steady-state simulations to compare the mixing effectiveness when hot inlet temperature is 360C & the Cold inlet is at 190C.  Use the k-epsilon and k-omega SST model for the…

Aim In this challenge you will simulate the same problem as in week 1 but by applying Symmetry Boundary Condition. You will do the simulation for the below mentioned angles using both symmetry and wedge boundary conditions and validate them with HP equations like you did in week 11 challenge.   Angles to test 10 degree…

Aim To simulate an axi-symmetric flow by applying the wedge boundary condition. The flow is laminar and flows through a constant cross-section pipe at an inlet Reynold's number of 2100. You can do a transient or steady state simulation and you will validate your results with the Hagen- Poiseuille's equations for the fully…

Aim In this challenge, we are going to simulate an incompressible laminar-viscous flow through a backward-facing step geometry. We are solving it using an icoFoam solver for both laminar and incompressible flow. Mesh Number of cells along x-axis = 200 Number of Cells along y-axis = 20  Case 1, simulating the flow…

In CFD, the three mainly used numerical method based solvers to solve the governing equation (i.e Navier Stoke's Equation), are Finite Volume Method (FVM), Finite Difference Method (FDM) and Finite Element Method (FEM). Finite Volume Method It is a discretization technique for partial differential equations, especially…

Aim To perform a program to solve the quasi 1D Subsonic- supersonic nozzle flow equations with the governing equations, in both conservative and non-conservative form.     The entire material for this problem is taken from a book called 'Computational Fluid Dynamics - The basics with application' written by John…

Solving the above-given question in both Steady-state analysis and Unsteady or Transient state analysis.   1) STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS In this type of analysis, the tmeperature remains unchanged, that is it will not change with time. The equation for the Steady-state analysis is given by Our defined Boundary conditions…

ANSWER FOR THE FIRST 3 QUESTIONS ARE WRITTEN AND UPLOADED IN THE PDF ATTACHED TO THIS.   MAIN PROGRAM clear allclose allclc x= pi/3;dx = linspace(pi/4,pi/4000,40); for i = 1:length(dx) central_difference_error(i) = central_differencing(x,dx(i)); skewed_right_side_error(i) = skewed_right_sided(x,dx(i)); skewed_left_side_error(i)…