Week 8 - Challenge 4 - Bumper

A) Objective :-

• Create B-class surface, C-class surface, and the tooling axis for the given BUMPER model.
• To publish class-A surface, B-class surface, C-class surface, and the tooling axis
• Performing draft analysis (3 degree) to verify the creation of the Tooling axis.

B) Software :-

• CATIA V5 (Generative Shape Design)

C) Introduction :- 

CATIA V5

        CATIA is a multi platform 3D software suite developed by Dassault Systèmes, encompassing CAD, CAM as well as CAE. Dassault is a French engineering giant active in the field of aviation, 3D design, 3D digital mock-ups, and product lifecycle management (PLM) software. CATIA is a solid modeling tool that unites the 3D parametric features with 2D tools and also addresses every design-to-manufacturing process. In addition to creating solid models and assemblies, CATIA also provides generating orthographic, section, auxiliary, isometric, or detailed 2D drawing views. It is also possible to generate model dimensions and create reference dimensions in the drawing views. The bi-directionally associative property of CATIA ensures that the modifications made in the model are reflected in the drawing views and vice-versa.

D) Generative Shape Design :-

       It provides an extensive set of tools for creating and modifying mechanical surfaces used in the design of complex shapes or hybrid parts. Its feature-based approach offers a productive and intuitive design environment to capture and reuse design methodologies and specifications. Help to design advanced shapes that are based on a combination of wireframe and extensive multiple surfaces. It includes high-level features with full specification capture and reuse.

F) A-Class Surface :-

      A-Class surface is a term used in plastic product design. That means the surface of a component that is smooth( aesthetic) or visible side to the human eye after the part is assembled. it refers to those surfaces which are visible and abide by the physical meaning of a product.

A common method of working is to start with a prototype model and produce smooth mathematical Class A surfaces to describe the product's outer body. From this the production of tools and inspection of finished parts can be carried out. Class A surfacing complements the prototype modelling stage by reducing time and increasing control over design iterations.

Class A surfaces can be defined as any surface, that has styling intent, that is either seen, touched, or both and mathematically meets the definition for Bézier.

G) Automotive design application :-

In automotive design application Class A surfaces are created on all visible exterior surfaces (ex; body panels, bumper, grill, lights etc.) and all visible surfaces of see-touch & feel parts in interior (ex: Dashboard, seats, door pads etc.). This can also include beauty covers in the engine compartment, mud flaps, trunk panels and carpeting.

H) Product design application :-

In the product design realm, Class A surfacing can be applied to such things like housing for industrial appliances that are injection moulded, home appliances, highly aesthetic plastic packaging defined by highly organic surfaces, toys or furniture.

I) Aerospace design application :-

Aerospace has styling and product design considerations in interiors like bezels for air vents and lights, interior roof storage racks, seats and cockpit area etc. In recent years Airbus used ICEM Surf for generating the exterior surface geometry for Aesthetics and Aerodynamic optimisation before delivering the surface to downstream CAD software like CATIA.

J) Clay modelling :-

Class A surfacing / digital sculpting is similar to clay modelling with the added advantage of computing power to change or incorporate design changes in existing/new design. Moreover, the revisions of clay modelling and refinement iteration are carried out in digital version. The scanned data of a selected clay model will be taken as a "Point cloud data" input, and Class A designers work on this Point cloud data to generate preliminary surfaces and further refine them to Class A surfaces.

K) B-Class Surface :-

      B-Class surfaces are the secondary surfaces that you can see sometimes, but are less important, such as the inside of your glove box, ashtray, etc... These must be smooth and "error-free" as well but are not held to the standards that class A surfaces are. it also means the thickness of a part.

L) C-Class Surface :-

      C-class surfaces are the backside surfaces that can have tool marks, flash, and other imperfections without hurting appearance, function, etc...it also means A and B combined to give C surface.

M) Draft Analysis :-

Designers of plastic parts and mould tooling manufacturers can use the Draft Analysis tool to check the correct application of draft to the faces of their part. With draft analysis, you can verify draft angles, examine angle changes within a face, as well as locate parting lines, injection, and ejection surfaces in parts.

      The Draft Analysis command enables you to detect if the part you drafted will be easily removed. This type of analysis is performed based on color ranges identifying zones on the analyzed element where the deviation from the draft direction at any point corresponds to specified values.

In the molding process the molded parts have to eject from the die so there are some issues while removing the molded parts it may get sticky with the die, or while removing chances to get damaged, so we need to set up is the draft angle this draft angle helps the molded parts to eject from the die easily. the standard of OEM for the plastic components draft angle should be in 3 degrees and if it is sheet metal component 7 degree should be the draft angle, This draft is get analyzed and ensuring the part is with proper draft angles.

OEM Rules for Features Draft Analysis

      The truth is no single draft angle can be applied to all part designs. Factors like wall thickness, material selection, ejection, shrink rates, finish/texture, wall depth, and manufacturing capabilities all come into play. But fear not, some simple rules can be followed that can help.

When designing a part, apply as much draft angle as possible a general rule of thumb is 1 degree of draft per 1 inch of cavity depth, but that can change with the aforementioned factors. Try following these general guidelines:

• 0.5 degrees on all vertical faces is strongly advised.
• 1 to 2 degrees works very well in most situations.
• 3 degrees is minimum for a shutoff (metal sliding on metal).
• 3 degrees is required for light texture.
• 5 or more degrees is required for heavy texture.

N) Surface Design Methodology :- 

O) CREATION OF TOOLING AXIS :-

1. FIRST CREATE A POINT ON THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF BUMPER USING MEASURE INERTIA IN WHICH CREATE GEOMETRY.

2. CREATE A LINE AT THAT POINT IN X DIRECTION AND THEN PERFORM DRAFT ANALYSIS BY  COINCIDING THE COMPASS TO DUMMY TOOLING AXIS .

3. DOUBLE CLICK ON THE CENTRE LINE OF THE COMPASS AND CHANGE THE ORIENTATION OF U ,V  TO  1 DEGREE AND SIMPLY CHECK WHERE ALL THE FACES OF THE MODEL IS CLEARING BY ROTATING U AND V.

4. LOCK THE COMPASS DIRECTION AND CREATE A LINE WITH POINT 1 AND COMPASS DIRECTION AS  SHOWN IN FIGURE .

5. COLOUR IT BLUE AND PUBLISH THE TOOLING AXIS.

 P) Draft methodology Flowchart :-

Q) Features used for design A-Class, B-Class, and C-Class :-

• Line
• Point
• Axis system
• Extrude
• untrim
• extrapolate
• Extract
• boundary
• Join
• Swept
• fillet
• close surface
• Intersecting
• publication
• Draft analysis

R) Procedure for design A-Class, B-Class, and C-Class of BUMPER :-

• OFFSET THE GIVEN CLASS A SURFACE OF BUMPER AT 3MM.
• REMOVE THE RIBS WHICH WERE MISSED AFTER OFFSET USING JOIN COMMAND IN WHICH SUB-ELEMENTS TO REMOVE.
• EXTRACT AND OFFSET GRILL PATCHES,UPPERMOUNTING PATCHES,NUMBER PLATE PATCHES FROM CLASS A SURFACE.
• PROVIDE UNTRIM AND EXTRAPOLATE.
• APPLY FILLET AND RENAME AS CLASS B SURFACE.
• SWEPT CLASS A SURFACE TO 90-DEGREE WITH DRAFT DIRECTION AND REFERENCE SURFACES.
• JOIN SWEPT SURFACE AND CLASS A AND THEN TRIM IT WITH CLASS B SURFACE.
• CHANGE INTO CLOSED BODY FOR APPROPRIATE OUTPUT.

S) A-Class Surface with tooling axis , Class A surface with draft analysis :-

T) B-Class Surface with 3 mm offset :-

U) C-Class Surface without Final Trim :-

V) Final Output after trim C-Class with B-Class :-

W) Closed Body of BUMPER :-

X) Procedure for Features Draft Analysis :-

• Before performing the draft analysis we create the Main tooling axis then the procedure. 
• {Go to menu bar > select insert > Analysis > Feature Draft Analysis} .
• Now, align the compass z-direction with the main tooling axis which we created in the previous steps. 
• Now, open the color scale and enter the value as 3 deg.
• Now hover the cursor over the body to check if every face has an angle greater than the given angle.
• Also, if the whole body is in green color it means that the value at all the faces is greater than the provided angle.

Y) Snapshots for Feature Draft Analysis on closed body in various orientations :-

1. ISOMETRIC VIEW :-

2. FRONT VIEW :-

3. SIDE VIEW :-

4. TOP VIEW :-

Z) Draft analysis under running point :-

A1) Conclusion :-

Thus the manufacturable Bumper was successfully designed and analyzed draft angle using CATIA V5 Surface workbench.

NOTE :-

THE CLASS C SURFACE IS NOT CLEARING THE DRAFT AS IT IS  90 DEGREE FROM CLASS A AND TOOLING AXIS AND CURRENTLY I AM USING CATIA V5 (2009 VERSION)

SO IT DOSENT HELP ME TO CLEAR OUT AT VARIOUS TOOLING DIRECTION ALSO . AND THIS ISSUES WERE DISSCUSED BY ME WITH THE TECHNICAL SUPPORT TEAM .

THANK YOU.