Week-4 Challenge WOT Condition Part-2

question1: What is the difference between mapped and dynamic model of engine, motor and generator? How can you change model type?

Difference between mapped and dynamic model engine and generator

Mapped:

1.Features – in mapped models the data used for the operation and simulation are to be entered in a form of lookup table which would be then configured with the operation parts and the analysis would be formed.

2.Advantage : if the detailed specification / lookup table data is available with us the simulation become easier and it gives the result on the basis of data interpreted also know as global based model.

3.Disadvantage: more data has to be collated and some assumption might also have to taken.

Dynamic:

1.features: in dynamic model it understand the behaviour of the part/element and then behaves accordingly. It gives detailed for the variations entered by us in the specifications whereas it simulates according to real and dynamic operation.

Advantage: it operates dynamically depending in this situation of operation detailed data and specification are not required and the simulation gives the detailed analysis of the component simulated

Also know as real-time based model

Disadvantage: could not simulate as per our customized specifications

Example of changing model type

As per the screenshot appended below of the generator of hybrid electric vehicle

While generator new screen with the below mentioned screen is available

With an option to select between the mapped generator and the dynamic generator . currently the mapped generator is configured , if we wish to this change this to the dynamic generator then we just need to follow the steps

Select the model which you want to configure - > choose variant manager - > right click the model you wish to choose and then set as label model active choice.

question2: How does the model calculate miles per gallon? Which factors are considered to model fuel flow

1.Miles per Gallon is a fuel economy rating determined by how far car can travel on gallon of petrol or diesel for engine powered car.

2.In case of an electrical vehicle it tells us the energy which is equivalent that of engine powered carrot propel the car through a distance .

3.the amount of fuel energy required to move a engine powered car through a distance is determined and then is compared to the equivalent amount of electrical energy required to move the car through the same distance of expressed as the miles per gallon.

Vehicle speed and fuel flow:

The vehicle speed is a important factor while considering factor while considering the fuel consumption at that particular time so to determine the fuel consumption through the drive cycle.

To convert speed to distance we can integrate with time and we are doing the same of converting the velocity to get distance covered by integrating.

By comparing the two results we can get the amount of liter consumption to run for 100km

Battery power:

The amount of energy from the battery power required to propel the vehicle equivalent to that of the engine is calculated here .

The battery power is given in watts and it is converted to kw by dividing with 1000.

Then we convert the power into energy by multiplying with the time into KWh.

Then we convert the energy from kwh to equivalent energy in us gallon of automotive gasoline by dividing with 33.7 since we get the energy of equivalent LIS gallon per seconds and we do this by dividing with 3600 and we convert the hour to seconds.

Calculating miles per gallons:

Then the input from the vehicle speed (i.e) the distance we found (in meters ) is taken into the calculation and it is converted to the miles by multiplying with 0.0000621371.

Then the inputs from fuel flow (battery energy +fuel energy ) taken in Ma3 AND is converted into equivalent US gallon by multiplying with 264.172.

question3: Run the HEV ReferenceApplication with WOT drive cycle. Change the grade and wind velocity in the environment block. Comment on the results.

HEV-WOT drive cycle (data input)

The cycle was carried out for 60 seconds

Performance scope – WOT cycle

Observations:

1.Plot (trace velocity target vs actual) – through this plot it is denoted that desired velocity has not been met by the actual velocity. the desired velocity was ranging at near about 140 mph but the actual velocity achieved was near to 110 mph

2.Plot 2 (engine speed, motor speed) rpm- This plot gives the detailed analysis for the achieved Engine and Motor speed in rpm. The contribution of both the power generating sources for meeting the required Velocity.

3.Plot 3(Engine Torque, Motor Torque, Generator Torque) Nm- This plot gives detailed analysis of the Engine, Motor Torque and Generator Torque.

4.Plot 4 (Battery Current) A -This plot denotes the power produced by the Battery and and the reading are in Ampere.

5. Plot 5(Battery SOC) – This plot denotes the state of charge of the battery, this denotes the arnge of charge used for the achievement of velocity.
6. Plot 6(US Fuel Economy) MPGe – This is the Fuel Efficiency or the range of the drive and the same is denoted in Miles Per Gallon equipment.

WOT cycle with change in grade and wind velocity

The variable input for the change in these aspects are as given below,

The observation from the result as compared to the normal situation are mentioned below,

Comment /comparison of the result obtained.

1.plot 1( Trace velocity target vs actual)- this is clearly visible that as the grade and the wind velocity is increased compared to the normal state the vehicle is not able to reach the target velocity.

plot 2( Engine speed, motor speed)rpm -in the plot comparing with the normal plot the engine speed has reduced to a step slop on the negative side as compared to the normal situation the grade is increased the load on the engine and thus the target engine speed is not met.

plot 3(engine torque , motor torque, generator torque) NM- there are multiple variation in all these aspects and the same is visible in both the results of normal and with the grade and wind velocity.

4.plot 4( Battery current) A- Battery current has been fluctuating at a higher range as compared to the normal after the cases and are resulted at 65% after the end of the WOT cycle.

5.plot 5 ( Battery SOC) – the battery state of charge remain more or less similar in both the case and resulted at 65% after the end of the WOT cycle.

6. plot 6 ( us fuel economy ) MPGe – the average fuel economy differ the range of 6 and mph in both the scenarios.

Question4:Keeping all other parameters same, compare the simulated results of hybrid and pure electric powertrains.

Below mentioned vehicle is simulated for the EV reference

The performance and FE result obtained are appended as below

Below mentioned vehicle is simulated foe the HEV Reference

The performance of FE result obtained are appended as below

Remark –

The overall difference in both these simulation are their vehicle operation where the EV is completely operated on Battery as the power score and on the other hand the HEV has two power sources SI/CI Engine and battery. The result obtained are varied and the parameters are also differentiated accotdingly.