Week 3:- BiW Fixture Design Methodologies Challenges

Week 3:- BiW Fixture Design Methodologies Challenges

HELLO SIR,

QUESTION NO:-01. What is Design Methodology?

ANSWER:-

Design Methodology is nothing but steps followed during the concept of designing stages of fixture design is

basically, when we do a conceptualization of our design, there are a few millimeters that we have to consider,

and then we start moving towards the design.

PURCHASE ORDER:

It is basically a confirmation from the customer side that we are ready to start the designing or, go ahead.

INPUTS FROM CUSTOMERS:

Input from customers is the major input that we get from the customers. How do we study those inputs, what kind of information and get out of those inputs, These are the criteria that we mentioned in this particular input from the customer.

The designer needs the following basic information to start the BIW fixture,

• First, understand the scope of the work. This means what is expected by the customer. Every customer has its specific requirements and it may have its own raw material, electric, pneumatic, cad, and design standards. Every customer also gives different inputs and expects output e.g. 2d drawing, process sheet in .xls, pdf, CAD format of design, layout format, OLP.
• Bill of material (BOM) of the components to be welded-spot welding.
• CAD panel data or at least a 2D drawing of assembly and individual panel data.
• Sheet metal panel thickness plays a major role of decide 2 metal or 3 metal weld.
• Spot detail information like the total no of spots and spacing between the spots.
• Weld information clarity from drawing like 2 metal or 3 metal welding.
• PLP (Principle location scheme) of the individual panel and total assembly.
• Cycle time if calculated or can be found out as per manual or robotic welding process.
• Process sheet if process engineering is done – where loading sequence, no of the clamp, and gun data are mentioned.
• All clamping cylinder and fixtures standards.
• CAD – Software guidelines.
• Raw material standards.
• Design guidelines Bought out item (Purchased parts) standards like pneumatic items, toggle clamp, bearing, screw, dowel, etc. company information.

PERCENTAGE COMPLETION CRITERIA:

• It consists planning of the completion of the project. How many days the projects will take to complete.
• It is followed in the designing stages & dispatch stages of the welding fixture.
• It ensures that how many tasks that we have decided to complete within the stipulated time is completed or not & how much of it is rest to complete & whether it is going to be complete or not in given time.

DESIGN OUTPUT:

• The output consists of 3D models. 2D drawing which is the detailing part, BOM & other related documents.
• There are some tools that are multiple units on a common base called unitized tools e.g. fixture which includes no. of units on the same base.
• They required two types of drawing sheet as follow,
  • Key sheet – It shows the index of the unit & its placement on tool base.
  • Layout sheet – It is the detailed drawing of the individual units including all their components.
• Non-unitized tools can be completely detailed on the layout sheet.

QUESTION NO:-02. What are the inputs required from the customer to start designing a Fixture?

ANSWER:-

The following are the inputs we required from the customer to start the fixture design work.

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

This is basically what kinds of function that fixture design has e.g. welding, gluing, fastening, riveting. The kind of information will be given to us in functional requirement i.e. it serves a basic or main purpose like it is used for welding gluing or checking fixture so from that design concept generated.

PREFERRED STANDARD:

Every industry has its own standard & follows that standard. In this requirement, the preferred standard component is basically what kind of standard component the customer already has. An input actually saves lots of time, cost & effort Because don’t need to design that component. It is purchased from outside from that make.

• Standard like ABB, NAAMS, FAUNC, FESTO, TUNKERS, ZYTRAN, DESTACO, Siemens, etc. is used for robots, pneumatic parts, motor & gearbox, electric parts.
• Standard parts like riser, L- block, retainer, pins many other companies actually manufacture this. Some components like clamps, cylinders, slides, switches, and sensors.

CAR PRODUCT: Car product includes

GD&T:

• GD&T provides information on locating pins, rest clamp, dumps & slide information of each station.
• The sequence of opening of clamps. Dumps & slide stroke information.

PART LIST:

A part list is nothing but listing down all parts of the assembly. It includes information about the part name, part number Tooling revision, part thickness, etc. Assembly is broken down into each & every single part. The first assembly has gone between the hood inner panel& latch which going to attach the next hinge going to attach. So there are different lists of assemblies we are going to perform. So every assembly will have a different fixture unit.

CAD FILE: 3D file of that car product require from the customer.

CLAMP PLAN: It provides information about the position of the clamp unit, pin unit, rests unit, etc. this customer & should never be changed without permission of the customer.

PRODUCT ASSEMBLY PROCESS SHEET:

It gives the detailed process of the completion of the part from scratch to the finished product assembly. It will give a detailed plan of components how they are welded as well as how the product is moving from one assembly to another.

LAYOUT:

The layout provides information about the Flow of parts, Station pitch, Robot stations, and accessories like tool changers, Tip dressers, Platform height, Subassembly links & loading/unloading sequence.

ERGO DATA:

These data are given when any manual operation involves. Ergonomics refers to the study of human behavior & movement during the assembly work. It provides data regarding loading height, working safety zone of the operator, etc. as per standards the company follows.

WELD STUDY:

It includes information on weld gun detail, weld matrix& weld points. There are two types of weld points geo weld point & re - spot weld point. Geo weld points define the geometry of part & Re-Spot do all other remaining weld points also add strength to geo points.

STANDARD DETAILING TEMPELATE:

Detailing is a 2D representation of the 3D part. The customer has a standard detailing template. These detailing formats are used for the drafting of parts.

QUESTION NO:-03. What is the input we get from “ Car Products”?

ANSWER:-

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GD&T:

Geometric dimensioning & Tolerance of the part for which the fixture has to be designed. GD&T provides information about Locating pins, Rest, Clamp, Dumps & slides information of each station & Sequence & opening of clamp Dumps & slide stroke information.

PART LIST:

Part list is nothing but listing down all parts of the assembly. It includes information about the part name, Part number Tooling revision, Part thickness, etc. Suppose the first assembly has gone between hood inner panels & latch which going to attach the next hinge going to attach. So there is a different list of assemblies we are going to perform. So every assembly will have a different fixture unit.

CAD FILE:

The 3D file of that car product requires from the customer. The 3D model file of the car part is given to the customer to study. The car part is designed by using 3D modeling software. From this, we can get some conceptual idea of the design of the fixture. The model is going to be the base of the fixture design. The below figure illustrates.

CLAMP PLAN:

It provides information about the position of the clamp unit, pin unit, rest unit, dump unit, etc. This is major input from customers & it should be never changed without the permission of the customer. The clamp plan provides the exact location of pins, rest, clam, etc. It is more detailed. It gives the exact location in X, Y & Z coordinate values to start designing.

PRODUCT ASSEMBLY PROCESS SHEET:

The product assembly process sheet is a sheet that gives the following detail.

• Part assembly sequence
• Sequence of operation
• Cycle time

It gives the detailed process of the completion of the part from scratch to the finished product assembly. It will give detailed plan o components how they welded as well how the product is moving from one assembly to another? & this process plan should not be changed without the permission of the customer. Below figure shows.

QUESTION:- 04. What is the Clamp plan?

ANSWER:-

CLAMP PLAN:

• Clamp Plan is a very important input that we get in the car products is where exactly we can place those clamping units are the particular pin Units.
• We should never change the position of the particular clamp or the pin, which is given in these data.
• We can change our design a little bit here or there, but we should not change the input design data about the clamp position or the pin position.
• In the Clamp plan, there is a clamp unit, and a pin unit and it is more detailed. It also gives the exact location of Y and Z coordinates designing as well you can just input these coordinates and you can start designing from there.
• If the three coordinates, whole diameter, and everything are already given to design the entire future design phase and it is sometimes ministry as well. It happens that another thought position is also given very close to the clamp, or the clamp location. So always ask whether you have changed the clamp position.
• You should never change the vent position or the clamp position without asking it so always be varying about these situations So the tool might get damaged or the department get damaged so far that it itself needs to clarify once again before doing any changes in the clamp.

QUESTION:-05. What is the purpose of a Layout?

ANSWER:-

• The layout is basically a layout of the entire assembly line to understand the process and the flow of work.
• The layout sheet will give you information about all the fixtures placed and the robots that are going to work on it.
• In the layout sheet, the circle around the robot is called the Trapped area of that particular robot.
• So this is basically the reachability of that robot and which is confined to the particular circle.
• For example, Robot is going to work on the fixture, Details also mentioned the geo 250 and then the number is given 250, and you can see, 250 02 so this is dueling to one or two it’s going to use there. So, this robot is going to work on the site first. Then after finishing the site. This fixture is going to rotate. and then it will come to T 01, and these two robots are going to work on the other side of the fixture. Similarly, this robot is also going to work on a particular component as well.
• The entire sheet will give you that plan of the layout of what are the constraints that are there from the customer side itself.
• If you want to do any changes for example. You’re changing the geo fixture design and it’s going to exceed a little bit bigger or smaller inside then you have to inform the customer and you have to get the customers permission to do that so that he will also be able to change the design if we present him with anything.

QUESTION NO:-06. What is Ergo data?

ANSWER:-

Productivity is a powerful tool to improve the standards of living of people & enhance the quality of work-life (QWL). Ergonomics is concerned with man & his working conditions. Ergonomics aims at providing comfort & improved working conditions so as to channel energy. Skills of workers into consecutive work. This accounts for increased productivity, safety reduces fatigue. Ergo data is given when the manual operator is involved to do the operation, so this input is given regarding how the standard of ergo data is. Ergo data provides information on loading height, working safety, zone of the operator, etc.

The final assembly of an automobile involves tasks of complex nature. These processes are the least priority for automation Manual labor is best suited for assembly operations with the aid of a minimal level of automation. All the processes have to be improved continuously in order to reduce costs and increase productivity. The workers attain various postures, exert force and work continuously in cycle time to accomplish the assembly task. Working along automobile assembly lines is characterized by repetitiveness.

Ergo data is situated to identify and quantify ergonomics working postures that contributed to the serious development of muscle skeleton injuries and thus investigated possible contributory their related causes. The below figure shows the ergonomically correct seating position while working.

QUESTION NO:- 07. What do you understand by Weld's study?

ANSWER:-

It includes information on weld gun detail, weld matrix & weld points. There are two types of weld points. Geo weld point and re-spot weld point. Geo weld points define the geometry of part & re – spot do all other remaining weld points also add strength to the geo weld points. Weld study consists of spots in case of spot welding fixture that gives us the position of spot in the form of coordinates. It is the most important input that we get from customers. These are the points where the panel is welded. The spots can be geo spot or re-spot shown in the figure.

The front door inner panel and side bracket of the GM sedan car are to be spot welded as shown in figure1. The previously spot welded inner panel assembly is then welded with the cross bracket as shown in Figure 2. The wok cell and modular fixture designed must be compatible for both the assemblies to be spot welded.

Weld spots for each weld assembly are highlighted in Figures 1 and 2 as WP1, WP2, WP3, and so on. Weld points are the location in which spot welding will be carried out on the automobile sheet metal components. The weld points form the base for fixture design, and the clamping plan & locating plan are done based on the weld spot distribution. The weld spots for the front door inner panel – side bracket assembly are located as shown in Table 1 with respect to the body line of the car.

QUESTION NO:-08. What are the criteria for percentage completion in designing stage? Explain it in detail.

ANSWER:-

Percentage completion criteria are followed in the designing stage and & dispatch stage of welding fixture. The percentage completion criteria contain the current status of a task, expressed as the percentage of the task’s duration that has been completed. You can enter percent complete, or you can have Project calculate it for you based on actual duration. It is followed in the designing stages and dispatch stages of the welding fixture. It ensures that how many tasks that we have decided to complete within the stipulated time are completed or not & how much of it is rest to complete & whether it is going to be complete or not in the given time.

0 – 25% - INPUT AND DESIGN CONCEPT:

This is the initial stage of the project. Input data provided by customers like functional requirements, Customer standards,s, etc., and after studying those inputs the concept of fixture design is created. After completion of this task, about 25% of the work is completed.

25 – 40% - CONCEPT APPROVAL & SIMULATION CHECK:

As the concept of fixture design is created & Simulation checked it is sent for customer approval. The customer will study Simulations & gives his approval. If there are any changes required, then it has to do accordingly & again submitted for approval. The concept design approval from the customer after the study of simulation contributes only 15% of the total design work. But with completion of this task 25 – 40% of work is completed.

DESIGN FREEZING & DETAILING – 40 TO 85%:

This phase involves design freezing after approval of the concept design. Freezing means finalizing the concept design. The next step detailing as per customer standard template with completion of this stage, almost 85% of work is completed in the designing stage.

CHECK & FINAL DISPATCH – 85 TO 100%:

After detailing the quality checking team starts inspection of all the data & it will dispatch to the customer if it is ok as per customer standard. If there is an error in drafting it will create an issue or mistake in the manufacturing stage.

Thus, a percent completion criterion helps us to know where we are in the design process.

QUESTION NO:-09. Brief about “ Output” in design?

ANSWER NO:-

• It includes data to be given to customers after completion of the design stage. The output is 3D models & 2D drawings of the tool.
• It is the fixture element design output that contains detailed designs of locators, detailed designs of clamps, detailed designs of supports, positions of locators, the position of clamps, positions of supports if any, type of locators, types of clamps, types of supports, clamping forces & supports.
• There are two types of tools in fixture design, unitized tool &non unitized tool. In a unitized tool there are multiple units on a common base e.g. geo fixture, re–spot fixture, checking fixture, hemming station, etc. Unitized tools require two types of sheet & layout sheet. Non – a unitized tool that can stand alone can be detailed completely on a layout sheet. E.g. Rack, take out trolleys, turn tablets, grippers, etc.
• Key sheet: an index of units & their placement on the tool base. The key sheet shows the placement & location of that particular unit on tool base where exactly & the exact position of the tool base. The key sheet is showing an orthogonal or isometric view of that entire component.

QUESTION NO:-10. What do you understand by structuring a design tree? How does it reduce errors during the design process?

ANSWER NO:-

STRUCTURING A DESIGN TREE

A Process where all the assemblies and parts are named in a specific standard. Different customers have a different set of standards and the structure of the design tree.

• Every company and every customer has different standards of their own structure design tree.
• So they will be giving a template on how structuring and dealing with the design is done. And you have to follow that particular design and structuring of the tree.
• In the design tree itself if we mentioned that particular name, wherever that part is we can easily know that this part belongs to this zone or This station or this assembly on a particular unit. So this helps us to avoid errors during the design study, manufacturing assembly, and inspections.
• Structuring a design tree is actually to avoid all the errors, which might come during manufacturing assembly, or either in-house inspections as well.
• If the part or assembly is not named properly, or the design tree is not structured properly, it will create confusion to understand the design and may create major possibilities of making an error.
• Every part and every component should be named according to their procedures.
• If we did a mistake or renamed the entire standard parts from the customer as a design part, now the customer is going to manufacture the entire part again from the scratch, but he already has that product in his itinerary. But the extra cost, the extra time, and not feasible. This is also known as an error which is actually going to increase the cost of the entire assembly as well.
• Naming a fixture or a unit or a part gives the information as to which project zone or assembly they belong to.
• If we name the part properly or name the fixture properly it’ll actually tell which unit or which assembly or which zone or which station it actually belongs to.

QUESTION NO:- 11. What are units? mention 5 types of units.

ANSWER:-

UNITS: In units, they are two types one is unitized tools and non-unitized tools.

Unitized tools: Unitize tools are basically tools that are a part of multiple units or multiple tools inside of it these are tools that have to be represented by two formats key sheets and layout sheets. unitized tools are basically two types-

1. simple units
2. complex units.

Non-Unitized Tools: Non-unitized tools are basically one unit itself, which basically doesn't have any process functionally to it is just to keep components on it as a stable, like grippers turntable stands, etc.

SIMPLE UNITS:

Simple units will have a very simple design to them, then the approach of the designing and manufacturing is also will be very simplistic as the rest unit.

1. REST UNIT: Rest unit is basically a unit where the component is tested, there is no upper clamp to it, and there's no face applied to it. there is no cylinder attached to it, it's just, usually, it will have a riser a blade, and a few rest milers.
2. FIXED PIN UNIT: Fixed pin unit are basically units which has a pin that is already fixed it can't be moved.
3. RETRACT PIN UNIT: Retract pin units are the opposite of the fixture which can be moved up and down, so it can be retracted till a certain distance.
4. ROUGH LOCATOR UNIT: Rough locators are usually used in loading and unloading that particular panel.
5. SENSOR UNIT:- Sensor units are used in actually sensing whether the panel or a particular component is there or not for example if we are assembling components of nine parts or 10 parts or eight parts, they'll have that many sensors so that every component will have different its own sensor attached to it.
6. BASE UNIT: Basic unit where all the units have to be mounted.

COMPLEX UNITS:

Complex units, like slide units for example units that design in itself a little complex in design.

1. SLIDE UNIT: The slide unit is basically where the sliding mechanism is involved.
2. DUMP UNIT: Dump unit is basically like a conveyor where you keep all these panels juiced upright for storage kind.

QUESTION NO:-12. Describe Fixed Pin units & their purpose?

ANSWER:-

A fixed pin unit is a unit designed to locate the car panel using pins and below are the different parts of a fixed pin in general.

The fixed unit consists of a pin, pin retainer, shims, block blade or adaptor plate, and riser.

• The totally different standard so some, a pin, pin retainer blade or a block, so here they have replaced the block with just a single blade and this is also.
• Usually in the industry, they tend to use the shims which are of smaller size. that's where they are manufacturing like this always preferred as much as less material as possible. that's why we design it as small with these kinds of shapes.
• The retractable pin is a unit design and it is located in the car panel using a pin, which has the same function as the fixed pin unit, but the package part will be mounted on the retractable pneumatic cylinders.
• so this is the pneumatic cylinder that is responsible for retracting the pin. so it has also the same parts up in shims or spacers again with sides pneumatic single rod retractable cylinder and the riser.

• Usually in the industry, they tend to use the shims which are of smaller size. that's where they are manufactured like this always preferred as much as fewer materials as possible, that's why i]8we design it as small with these kinds of shapes.

QUESTION NO:- 13. What are the different parts of a fixed unit?

ANSWER:-

Types of fixed unit-

1. Pin
2. Pin retainer
3. Shims/spacers
4. Blade or Adaptor plate
5. Riser

PIN: pins are used foe accurately the path of welded in an assembly. the holes in the parts of the assembly are inserted on these pins.

PIN RETAINER- A pin retainer is used to hold the locating pins. the pin retainer block has two-way shims

SHIMS: A shim is a thin and often tapped or wedged piece of materials, used to fill small gaps or spaces between objects. shims are typically used in order to support, adjust for better fit, or provide a level surface, shims may also be used as spacers to fill gaps between parts subjects to wear.

BLADES: Blades are plates that are attached to the riser. the cylinder and other additional arms are mounted on a blade.

RISERS: A riser is a structure generally used to mount the toggle clamp and rest, clamp mylar, and location pin.

• it is not necessary to have one riser where all the parts of clamps or rest or location units are mounted.
• generally, risers are either made of plate fabrication or plate and tube welding together or from a single gas cut plate.

QUESTION NO:-14. what is the purpose of making a rest unit & describe its parts?

ANSWER:-

REST UNIT: Rest unit is a unit designed to rest/support the car panel using NC blocks/ Mylar / Rest and below are two different parts of a rest unit in general.

• The simple unit has a raiser and a normal blade a spacer, which is the shims and the rest mylar.
• you can just manufacture the restaurants there and you can use the same blade as the same razor.

NC BLOCK: NC blocks (red for representation) are versatile blocks that can be machined to any desired fixture components. because they come as a blank block, the possibilities are endless. Adding new tap holes or grinding down to your specification is quick and simple.

SHIM: A shim is a thin and often tapered or wedged piece of materials, used to fill small gaps or spaces between objects. shims are typically used in order to support, adjust for better fit, or provide a level surface. shims may also be used as spacers to fill gaps between parts subject to wear.

RISERS: A riser is a structure generally used to mount the toggle clamp and rest, clamp mylars and location pin.

• It is not necessary to have one riser where all the parts of the clamp or rest or location units are mounted.
• Generally, risers are either made of plate fabrication or plate and tube welding together or from a single gas cut plate.

QUESTION NO:-15. what are the basic fundamentals to design a sensor unit?

ANSWER:-

SENSOR UNIT: A sensor unit is a unit designed to sense the car panel by using electrical sensors, the signal from the sensor will be fed to a PLC which is our programmable logic controller and sort of the next process will be executed by this signal.

• So our sensors are basically used to sense the particular car panel. now the signal which gets from this sensor will be fed to the PLC, the PLC will decide whether the signal from the component or the assembly actually has the particular car panel or not.
• if it does not have it will not execute the next process, and it will stop the entire process itself until the panel is loaded.

FUNDAMENTALS OF SENSOR UNIT DESIGN:

Every signal loose panel, which is being welded in tools, should be sensed. so every single panel that we are going to assemble in that particular panel.

• For Example, if we are using nine different panels to assemble our panel. every signal one of those panels should have one sensor attached to it.
• Each panel should be sensed by one or two sensors depending on the size of the panel preferred to be on diagonally opposite ends of the panel.
• If a component is really small, we don't have to use two or three sensors for that you can just use one sensor, which will detect that particular panel.
• If the panel is really big, we will use two sensors in the opposite directions of each to sense their particular panel.
• So every sensor should be mounted in three directional adjustable ways in general.
• The sensor detects three different movements the first one is the upward and downward movement of the sensor. the second one is from left and right movement and direction so all three directions.
• Sensor manufacturing is IFM, pepperl-Fuchs, Omron, etc.

TYPES OF SENSORS USED IN GENERAL

PROXIMITY SENSOR: A proximity sensor is used in cell phones as well as to detect a particular component, so proximity sensors range from (5 to 6 mm) to (8 to 10 mm).

LASER SENSORS: laser sensors are used for bigger sensing the distance if the component can't be near the panel. it has to be farther away from the panel, then you will be using a laser sensor.

PHOTOELECTRIC SENSOR: photoelectric sensors this is basically a proximity sensor and can be utilized as a laser cantered sensor this is an example of a photoelectric sensor.

QUESTION NO:-16. What is a Rough locator unit & what are the basic fundamentals to consider while designing it?

ANSWER:-

A rough locator is a part that is designed to guide the operator to locate the car panel on the pin accordingly rough locator can be of standard parts or make parts.

Rough locators are used to helping locate workpieces in the automation process. Locating refers to the desired location where you want the workpiece to be when it is getting worked on either by a person, team, or robot. It is a device to establish and maintain the position of a part in a jig or fixture.

FUNDAMENTALS OF ROUGH LOCATOR DESIGN

• A rough locator should be placed at the edges of the car panel, which it has to guide.
• Rough locators have to be placed at the same angle as the car part edge with a minimum distance of 2-5mm from the edge of the car part.
• Rough locator should guide the panel in in pin arresting direction.
• Rough locator should start guiding the panel before 10 to 15mm to the start of the pin engagement.
• Rough locator should be designed with an entry angle for car part entry Rough locator should be designed with two slots to mount for easy adjustments.
• The slots should be in the direction of the car part guiding

QUESTION NO:-17. What is a Base unit and describe its parts?

ANSWER:-

A base unit is a unit designed to mount all the other units like a time unit, pin unit, etc of the tools and also other parts necessary of the tools of pneumatic valve box, trunking cable path will also be mounted on the base unit.

PARTS OF BASE UNIT

• Valve box
• Trunking channel
• Measuring hole cover
• Eyebolt
• Pedestal
• Floorplates

Valve box

• the valve box is basically a box that supplies air to all the pneumatic cylinders assembled in the fixture
• valve box consists of one solenoid valve with one inlet and one outlet
• the outlet in the solenoid is used to supply the air to the pneumatic cylinder from the valve box
• whereas the inlet in the solenoid valve is used to collect the air from the pneumatic cylinder to the valve box

Trunking channel

A Trunking channel is a kind of cable duct, which helps to guide and protect the wirings/ tube used in the fixture

Measuring hole cover

• In the measuring hole cover, the co-ordinate points are engraved on it
• the hole which mentions the co-ordinate gives the position & placement of the particular units.
• the measuring holes help in CMM inspection & QC inspection.

Eyebolt

• An eye bolt is a bolt with a loop at one end, they are used to firmly attach a securing eye to a structure, so that ropes or cables may then be tied to it for lifting purposes.
• eyebolts are used to drag or lift the base unit while relocating

Pedestal

The pedestal is a stand-like structure where the entire unit of the base will be mounted.

Floorplates

• floor plates are used to mount the base with the floor
• Also, it helps to achieve the flatness of the fixture.

QUESTION NO:-18. What is a Dump Unit and what are its functions?

ANSWER:-

A dump unit is a unit where you actually assemble a component if you have certain constraints.

FUNCTION OF DUNP UNIT

if you have a particular constraint and you can't assemble it in a normal way to use it in different ways again it has the same dumb cylinder and it has an open position and closed position and it has a clamp cylinder unit too that is why this is very complex and design.
if you have any geometrical constraints, you can use this dampener to constrain your components.

QUESTION NO:-19. What is a Slide unit? Mention where Slide units are commonly used.

ANSWER:-

Slide units are positioning units that are used to position the car part or panel, units, and robots for further
operation sliding units are used. in a place where we have space constraints and different units can't be used so we use a sliding unit, which consists of foil parts

Sliding cylinder: this is used to move the panel from the open position to the close position and vice versa
position locking

Position locking unit: it is used to guide the plate at a particular place and it will not allow it to move.
guide rail: it is used the guide the plate to move from one position to next
Stopper back: it is used to control the motion of the sliding unit.
Sensor unit: it is used to sense whether the component is moving properly or not.

THANKS