Challenge

Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

PPoluri Prashanth3 Jul 2022

EV Live Batch 21.

1 Aim:

Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.Give your detailed explanation on it.

Here we know there are 6 types of lithium ion batterys are

LCO {Lithium Cobalt Oxide}
LMO {Lithium Manganese Oxide}
NCA {Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide}
NMC {Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide}
LFP {Lithium Iron Phosphate}
LTO {Lithium Titanate}

Type of No.Lithium Ion Battery.	Anode Material	Cathode Material	Separator & Electrolyte	During Charging Period Chemical reaction at the Cathode & Anode	During DisCharging Period Chemical reaction at the Anode & Cathod	During Charging Period Overall reaction	During DisCharging Period Overall reaction
1 LCO	Graphite Carbon	Lithium Cobalt Oxide	Polyolefin & Ethylene Carbonate	Cathode: LicoO2 → (Li+)+(e-)+(coO2) & Anode : (Li+)+ c6+(e-)→ Lic6	Anoded : Lic6 →(Li+)+c6+(e-) Cathode : (Li+)+(e-)+(coO2) → LicoO2	LicoO2+ c6→ Lic6+coO2	Lic6+coO2→ LicoO2+ c6
2 LMO	Graphite Carbon	Lithium Manganese Oxide	Polyolefin & Lithium Halide	Cathod: Limn2O4 → (Li+)+(e-)+(e-)+Mn2O4 Anode: (e-)+c6→Lic6	Anode: Lic6 → (Li+)+c6+(e-) Cathode: (Li+)+(e-)+Mn2O4→Limn2O4	Limn2O4+c6 →Lic6+Mn2O4	Lic6+Mn2O4→Limn2O4+c6
3 NCA	Graphite Carbon	Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide	Polyolefin & Ethylene Carbonate	Cathode: LinicoALO2→(Li+)+(e-)+NicoALO2 Anode: (Li+)+c6+(e-)→Lic6	Anode: Lic6→(Li+)+c6+(e-) Cathode: (Li+)+(e-)+NicoALO2→LinicoALO2	LinicoALO2+c6→Lic6+NicoALO2	Lic6+NicoALO2→LinicoALO2+c6
4 NMC	Graphite Carbon	Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide	Polyolefin & Lithium salt	Cathode: LiNiMncoO2→(Li+)+(e-)+NiMncoO2 Anode: (Li+)+(e-)+c6→Lic6	Anode: Lic6→(Li+)+c6+(e-) Cathode: (Li+)+(e-)+NiMncoO2→LiNiMncoO2	LiNiMncoO2+c6→ Lic6+NiMncoO2	Lic6+NiMncoO2→LiNiMncoO2+c6
5 LFP	Graphite Carbon	Lithium Iron Phosphate	Polyolefin & Ethylene Carbonate	Cathode: LiFePO4→(Li+)+(e-)+ FePO4 Anode: (Li+)+c6+(e-)→Lic6	Anode: Lic6→(Li+)+c6+(e-) Cathode: Li+)+(e-)+ FePO4→LiFePO4	LiFePO4+c6→Lic6+FePO4	Lic6+FePO4→LiFePO4+c6
6 LTO	Graphite Carbon	Lithium Titanate oxide	Polyolefin & Lithium salt	Cathode: Li4Ti5O12→(4Li+)+(4e-)+Ti5O12 Anode: (Li+)+(e-)+c6→LiC6	Anode: 4LiC6→ (4Li+)+4C6+(4e-) Cathode: (4Li+)+(4e-)+Ti5O12→Li4Ti5O12	Li4Ti5O12+c6→LiC6+Ti5O12	4LiC6+Ti5O12→Li4Ti5O12+4c6

2 Aim: Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics.

Name of the Li-Ion Batteries Types	Abbrevations	Advantages	Disadvantages	Applications uses
1 LCO (LicoO2)	Lithium Cobalt Oxide.	stable structure, high capacity ratio and volume energy density means can not store large amount of energy.	The cost is very high Poor security The cost is very high The cycle life is general, the material stability is not very good.	(LCO) Batteries are used in cell phones, laptops, tablets, digital cameras etc.
2 LMO (Limn2O4)	Lithium Manganese Oxide.	Safety is more Quickly charge Easy preparation and low cost.	The dissolution of manganese leads to poor high-temperature performance and cycling performance.	In this batteries are used in water meter and security devices, electrical bike.
3 NCA (LinicoALO2)	Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide.	It is fragile and requires a protection circuit to maintain safe operation High energy density.	The high costs and the limited resources of cobalt and nickel Less safety.	Applications for power grid and electric cars and medical devices.
4 NMC (LiNiMncoO2)	Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide.	NMC cells provide longer life cycle Lower cost Higher energy density more safety also here .	Slowly lower voltage than lco battery.	Applications for aircraft engines to lithium-ion batteries, including those in electric vehicles.
5 LFP (LiFePO4)	Lithium Iron Phosphate.	Longer life span No maintenance Extremely safe Improved discharge and charge efficiency.	Poor performance in extremely low temperatures. As well as decreased energy/cell density in comparison to lithium-ion batteries.	Uses for power tools, electric vehicles, solar energy installations and more recently large grid-scale energy storage.
6 LTO (Li4Ti5O12)	Lithium Titanate oxide.	Very high cycle life High power, Improved safety Faster to charge.	Poor performance in extremely low temperatures. As well as decreased energy/cell density in comparison to lithium-ion batteries.	Car audio applications Mobile medical device UPS Mobile medical devices.

Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

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