Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

EV BATCH - 17

1 . Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.Give your detailed explanation on it .

ANS :

LITHIUM-CELL :

• Lithium-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery compossed of cells in which lithium ions moves from the negitive electrode during during discharge and back when charging .
• Lithium-ion batteries have a high energy density, no memory effect and low self-discharge .
• They can however be a safety hazard since they contain flammable electrolytes and if damaged or incorrectly charged can lead to explosions and fires .
• The inside of an individual lithium-ion cell is relatively simple.
• There are four main components:
• The anode, the cathode, an electrolyte, and a separator.
• The negative electrode in a cell is called the anode.
• The positive side is called the cathode.
• During charging, the lithium ions move from the cathode, through the separator, to the anode.

BATTERY :

CELL :

TYPES OF LITHIUM-ION CELL :

• Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO)
• Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO)
• Lithium Nickel Cobalt (NCA)
• Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC)
• Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)
• Lithium Titanate (LTO)

TABLE OF LIYHIUM-ION CELL :

1 . Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) :

• Lithium Cobalt Oxide has high specific energy as compared to theother batteries which makes it the preferred choice for laptops and mobile phones.
• It also has a low cost and a moderate performance.
• However, it is highly unfavorable in all the other aspects when compared to the other lithium-ion batteries.
• It has a low specific power, low safety, and a low lifespan.

2 . Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) :

• Lithium Manganese Oxide has a moderate specific power, moderate specific energy, and a moderate level of safety when compared to the other types of lithium-ion batteries.
• It has the added advantage of a low cost. The downsides are its low performance and low lifespan. It is usually used in medical devices and power tools.

3 . Lithium Nickel Cobalt (NCA) :

• Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide offers one strong advantage as compared to the five other batteries and that is high specific energy.
• It is pretty moderate in the rest of the characteristics like performance, cost, specific power, and lifespan.
• The only downside to this battery type is its low level of safety. Its high specific energy and moderate lifespan make it a good candidate for electric powertrains.

4 . Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) :

• Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide has two major advantages as compared to the other batteries.
• The first one is its high specific energy which makes it desirable in electric powertrains, electric vehicles, and electric bikes.
• The other is its low cost. It is moderate in terms of specific power, safety, lifespan, and performance when compared to the other lithium-ion batteries.
• It can be optimized to either have high specific power or high specific energy.
  

5 . Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP):

• Lithium Iron Phosphate only has one major disadvantage when compared to other types of lithium-ion batteries and that is its low specific energy.
• Other than that, it has moderate to high ratings in all the other characteristics.
• It has a high specific power, offers a high level of safety, has a high lifespan, and comes at a low cost. The performance of this battery is also moderate.
• It is often employed in: electric motorcycles and other applications that require a long lifespan and a high level of safety.

6 . Lithium Titanate (LTO) :

• Lithium Titanate offers high safety, high performance, and a high lifespan which are very important features every battery should have.
• Its specific energy is low compared to the five other lithium-ion batteries but it compensates for this with a moderate specific power.
• The only major disadvantage of lithium titanate as compared to the other lithium-ion batteries is its extremely high cost.
• Another important feature of this battery worthy of mention is its remarkably fast recharge time. It can be used for storing solar energy and creating smart grids.

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2.Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics

ANS :

COMPARISION :

CHARACTERISTICS :

Older batteries were mostly based on rechargeable lead-acid or non-rechargeable alkaline chemistries, with nominal voltages in increments of 2.10 - 2.13 and 1.5 Volts respectively, each representing one individual electrochemical cell.

New special battery chemistries have strained older naming conventions. Rechargeable NiCd (Nickel Cadmium) and NiMH (Nickel Metal Hydride) typically output 1.25 V per cell. Some devices may not operate properly with these cells, given the 16% reduction in voltage, but most modern ones handle them well. Conversely, lithium-ion rechargeable batteries output 3.7 V per cell, 23% higher than a pair of alkaline cells (3 V), which they are often designed to replace. Non-rechargeable lithium-chemistry batteries, which provide exceptionally high energy density, produce about 1.5 V per cell and are thus similar to alkaline batteries.

Many new battery sizes refer to both the batteries' size and chemistry, while older names do not. This summary is only for types relating to battery "sizes".