Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

1.Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.Give your detailed explanation on it

A general discusssion on battery cathode anode and separator-

A cathode can be negative or positive depending upon the charging and discharging and in case of charging the electrons flow from anode to cathode and the current is flown because of it and the anions are flown from anode to cathode and there is a seprator which dosen't let electrons to flow from it, because it could lead to short circuit. And when all the anions are moved to cathode the battery is completely discharged and now the cathode acts as neagtive and the anions are flown back into anode.

serial no.	Battery type	Electrode material	Chemical reactions
1	LCo	lithium cobalt oxide	At anode: LiC6 → Li+ + e- + C6 At cathode: CoO2 + Li+ + e- → LiCO2 Complete: LiC6 + CoO2 → C6 + LiCoO2
2	LMO	cadmium lithium manganese oxide	At anode: LiC6 → Li+ + e- + C6 At cathode: Mn2O4 + Li+ + e- → LiMn2O4 Complete: LiC6 + Mn2O4 → C6 + LiMn2O4
3	NCA	Cathode lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide(LiNicoalO2)	At anode: LiC6 → Li+ + e- + C6 At cathode: NiCoAlO2 + Li+ + e- → LiNiCoAlO2 Complete: LiC6 + NiCoAlO2 → C6 + LiNiCoAlO2
4	NMC	CAthode lithium nickel manganese Cobalt Oxide(LiNiMnCoO2)	At anode: LiC6 → Li+ + e- + C6 At cathode: NiMnCoO2 + Li+ + e- → LiNiMnCoO2 Complete: LiC6 + NiMnCoO2 → C6 + LiNiMnCoO2
5	LFP	Cathode lithium iron phosphate(LIfeP04)	At anode: LiC6 → Li+ + e- + C6 At cathode: FePO4 + Li+ + e- → LiFePO4 Complete: LiC6 + FePO4 → C6 + LiFePO4
6	LTO	Cathode lithium manganese oxide(LiMn2O4)	At anode: Li2TiO3 → TiO3 + 2Li+ + 2e- At cathode: Mn2O4 + 2Li+ + 2e- → LiMn2O4 Complete: Li2TiO3 + 2Mn2O4 → 2LiMn2O4 + TiO3

During discharge-

lithium cobalt oxide

At anode lithium is oxidised and lithium ions are released from the carbon along with electrons.

At the cathode lithium ions are absorbed by the lithium dioxide and the electrode is reduced as it also receives the electrons from the circuit.

2)LMO(cadmium lithium mangnese oxide)-

At anode: LiC₆ → Li⁺ + e^- + C₆

At cathode: Mn₂O₄ + Li⁺ + e^- → LiMn₂O₄

At anode lithium is oxidised and lithium ions are released from the carbon along with electrons.

At the cathode lithium ions are absorbed by the lithium dioxide and the electrode is reduced as it also receives the electrons from the circuit.

3)similar for 3,4,5and 6

2) Differnces between each type-

slno	Battery type	Cathode	Anode	Advantages	Drawbacks	Application
1	lCO	Li cobalt oxide	graphite iron	High specific energy	lesser thermal capacity,low storage,cobalt is expensive	used in phones,laptops
2	LMO	Lithium manganese oxide	graphite iron	internal resistance is lesser than lco	short life san	used in vehicles like nissian leaf chevy bolt,bmw i3
3	Nmc	Lithium nickel manganese oxide	Graphite carbon	overall perfomance bettern than above two and high life span used in most current vehicles	cost could be higher because of cobalt	used in model tesla3
4	Lfp	lithium iron phosphte	graphite carbon	high specific energy,affordable price than above all	maintainince cost is high	used in solar devices and,power tools,ev cars
5	NCA	lihium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide	Graphite carbon	high specific energy and affordable prices	expensive due to cobalt	used in recent tesla cars
6	LTO	lithium manganese oxide	lithium-titanium-oxide	charging speed is much higher	low specific energy	used in s spen samsung s-20