Sketch a G+1 residential plan according to Vaastu Shastra and Calculation of Loads as per IS code
AIM:-
To plan a G+1 floor residential plan, according to Vaastu Shastra and calculate the individual corresponding loads coming on it as per IS codes.
OBJECTIVE:-
- To plan a G+1 floor residential plan, according to Vastu Shastra
- To study the plan of building as per Vastu Shastra
- To list down the names of the structural drawings required to be provided to the site for construction.
- To calculate the loads coming on the building
INTRODUCTION:-
- The arrangement of all the units of a building on all floors and at all levels.
- The arrangement of rooms as per directions and as per Vastu Shastra is known as planning of building.
- During the building planning, it is important to keep in mind to plan the building according to the approved plan.
Vastu Shastra:
- Vastu Shastra is the ancient Indian Science of architecture and acts as a guideline to design your home in the way that enhance positive energy
- Our nature is abundant with powerhouses of energy sources like the Sun, Wind, Moon, Water, Earth and Fire
- Effects of sunrays, flow of winds, pull of earth's magnetic field in other search cosmic energies
- A good home needs to radiate the right kind of energy
- A person dwelling in a house comes under the influence of specific energy field which comes under the influence of specific energy field
- Architectural changes are not possible for a ready to move in house
Significance of Eight directions:-
- Four cardinal directions North, South, East and West.
- Four intercardinal direction North-East, North-West, South-East and South-West
- Each direction signifies an aspects of life and is governed by various gods
- North- Wealth
- South- Dharma
- West and East- Overall prosperity
Basic principles of Vastu Shastra:-
Shape:- Rooms should preferably be square or rectangular.
Room Basics:- Rooms should be airy, well lit, bright and clean.
Home center:- Centre of the house should be an empty space.
Stairs and Furniture:- Heavy furniture should be kept in the South-West direction.
Water:- Avoid keeping plants and water features in the bedroom.
Dining Table:- Dining space should be near the kitchen and not near the main door.
Mirror placement:- Mirror kissing the bed is strictly not allowed. Mirrors in the bedroom need to be placed in such a way that the bed cannot be seen.
Auspicious directions as per Vastu Shastra:-
Kitchen:-
- South-East is the best
- North-East to be avoided
Staircase:-
- South-West is the best
- North-East to be avoided
Toilet:-
- North-West is the best
- North-East to be avoided
Master Bedroom:-
- South-West is the best
Guest Room:-
- North-West is the best
Living Room:-
- North-West is the best
Over Head Tanks:-
- West is the best
Underground Tanks:-
- North-East is the best
- South-West to be avoided
Gateway (Entrance) of the house:
- Main entrance is not only the entry point for the family but also for energy
- Main door should be strong and bigger than other doors in the house and made of superior quality wood preferably teak wood
- Main door should be not be dark because good energy is associated with the bright and Cheery places
- Garbage bags, unwanted things and shoes should be kept away from the main door
- Main door should open inward and avoid creaky sounds
- The main door should be constructed in a way to ensure that when you step out, you face the North, East or in the North-East direction
- Avoid painting the main door black and placing of animal statues near the door
Living Room:-
- Living room should be cluster free and it is the place where the family spends most time together.
- The living room should face East, North or North-East. The North-West facing living room is also favourable.
- Heavy furniture should be kept in the West or South-West direction of the living room.
- Electronic appliances should be installed in the South-East section of the living room
- If planning for a mirror in this room, ensure you place in North wall
- In aquarium on the North or East wall for prosperity
- A bright picture of sunrise in the southern wall
- Shades of Yellow, Green, Beige or Blue on walls to infuse liveliness and vibrancy.
Bedroom:-
- Bedroom is South-West direction brings good health and prosperity
- Avoid bedroom in North-East as it may cause health issues
- Avoid South-East zone as it may cause quarrel among couples
- Bed should be placed in South-West corner of the bedroom with head facing West
- Avoid placing a mirror or television in front of the Bed, because reflection causes fight and other domestic disruptions
- Avoid having paintings depicting water or a fountain as it could cause emotional outburst
- Using of Aroma oils create an oasis of calm
- Never sleep with your head in the North
- Avoid overhanging beams in the room to enjoy good health
- Use solid wooden bed Instead of hollow wrought iron beds
- Paint the bedroom walls in neutral or earthy shades that radiates positive energy
- Bedrooms are the place for rest in repose and it's good to have soothing wall colours for a peaceful aura
Puja Room:-
- Rooms in a house for meditation and prayers will be ensured spiritual growth
- East or North-East part of your home is perfect for meditation, yoga and spiritual pursuits
- Facing East when you meditate will increase positivity
- White, Beige or a light yellow or Green are great colour option for meditation room
- Create a sacred altar and decorate with candles or incense sticks.
Kitchen:-
- Following Vastu for kitchen ensures a healthy life for your family growth
- Keep water sink away from the gas stove
- Fridge needs to be placed at South-West corner
- Never let your kitchen face a washroom wall nor share a common wall with it
Study Room:-
- Select a square or rectangular shape for the study table
- Don't place the table facing a blank wall or Window
- Placing a table in the North-East, East or West direction is ideal
- Hanging bookshelves are best avoided
Courtyard:-
- Brahmasthan it is a unique feature of ancient architecture based on Vastu Shastra
- It is the centre of your residence and the holiest and most powerful zone
- A traditional home in Kerala, the Courtyard is always at the centre of the house
- This part should be perfect and clutter-free
- The placement of kitchen, bathroom or pillar/beam attracts negative energy
Load Calculation:
- load is the primary user of any structure which generates the stress in the building components. Various loads such as live load, dead load, wind load, earthquake load, snow load, settlement load, erection load etc.
- Structural members also have their own weight as no material is weightless which is called dead load. Dead load is the load that acts on any structure all the time irrespective of any situation.
- The size and shape of any structural member are always depending on the load acting on any member.
- For keeping the economy, time and workmanship of any structural element within control, the load calculation is essentially important, especially dead load calculation.
- For calculation of Dead load size, shape, material and dimension of the structural member must be known.
Following are the structural drawings that is mandatory to be provided to the site for construction:
- Structural plan release important structural information about the project at and to execute work
- The drawing in clothes marking, size,structural detailing in information about members of a building
- Centre line drawing:- Centre line drawing which indicates the line that passes through the centre of a column. Centre lines of several columns over the construction area form the grid over a centre line plan. Centre line drawing helps in understanding the exact positioning of a column on site. Column may have different dimensions but will have the same centre line. These drawings are used to plot the columns before excavation. From this drawing we can know the exact position of the column.
- Footing and column layout with reinforcement details:- Column footings are provided under the column. The footings distribute load from the building to ground uniformly. Column footing may be circular, rectangular or square in shape. The footing layout gives the details on footing sizes, number of footings etc. Clearly understand the excavation for footings.
- Column schedule with reinforcement details:- Generally, concrete columns consist of square, rectangular or circular cross-sectional areas. Columns are essentially required with the primary longitudinal reinforcement and lateral ties to avoid buckling of the primary bars. The details of minimum and maximum limits of reinforcement, minimum no. of bars, the size of bars, cover requirements, dia of bars and spacing are given in column reinforcement detail drawing.
- Plinth beam schedule with reinforcement details:- in this each plinth beam used is marked separately and their reinforcement details are provided. The details of minimum and maximum limits of reinforcements, minimum no. of bars, the size of bars, cover requirements, dia of bars and spacing are given in plinth beam reinforcement detail drawing.
- First floor with reinforcement Details:- This drawing gives you the details on the beams used in the 1st floor, sizes of beams and how they are connected. The Details of minimum and maximum limits of reinforcement, minimum no of bars, the size of bars, cover requirements, dia of bars and spacing are given in first floor reinforcement detail drawing.
- First floor slab with reinforcement details:- This drawing gives you the details of the slab. How the main rods and distribution rods are placed. The details of minimum and maximum limits of reinforcement, minimum no of bars, the size of bars, cover requirements, dia of bars and spacing are given in the slab reinforcement detail drawing.
- Lift pit and headroom with reinforcement details:- This type of structural drawing gives the details of footing of the lift pit, type of walls in lift, lift Lintel details based on lift vandor. The details of minimum and maximum limits of reinforcement, minimum no of bars, the size of bars, cover requirements, diameter and spacing for the column and beam reinforcement. It also gives the details on the slab reinforcement details based on the client.
- Staircase reinforcement and dimension details
Some other points
- General Notes
- Typical sections
- Foundation excavation plan
- Footing sections
- Ground floor column plan
- Column sections
- Ground floor plinth beams plan
- Plinth beams sections
- Ground floor beam plan
- Ground floor slab plan
- Overhead water tank design
- Septic tank design
CODES CONSIDERED FOR THIS PROJECT:-
- IS 456:2000 and revised in 2016 for RCC
- IS 875:1987 (Part-1) for Dead loads
- IS 875:1987 (Part-2) for Live loads
- IS 875:1987 (Part-3) for Wind loads
PROCEDURE:-
Sketch of Plan:
Ground Floor Plan
Dimensions of rooms considered in the Ground floor plan are as follows:
- Living room - 5m X 3.4m
- Kitchen - 2.5m X 2.7m
- Dining - 2.5m X 3m
- Bedroom - 3m X 3.4m
- Toilet - 1.2m X 2.2m
- Puja - 1.8m X 1.5m
- Entrance - 1m X 1.5m
First Floor Plan
Dimensions of rooms considered in the First floor plan are as follows:
- Master Bedroom - 4m X 3.4m
- Toilet - 1.2m X 2.2m
- Lounge - 2.5m x 3m
- Balcony - 2.5m X 2.7m
Assumption:
- All columns are 300mm X 300mm
- All beams are 300mm X 450mm
- Slab Thickness is 125mm
- Height of the wall is 4.5m
- Thickness of the wall is 0.230m
Dead load calculation:
Calculation for the Column:-
{GROUND FLOOR COLUMN PLAN}
{FIRST FLOOR COLUMN PLAN}
The column size is assumed to be 300mm * 300mm.The height of the wall is 4m.
Column size = 0.3m * 0.3m * 4m
Volume of concrete = 0.3 * 0.3 * 4 = 0.36 m^3
Unit weight of concrete = 25 KN/m^3
Dead load of Column = Volume of concrete * Unit weight of Concrete
= 0.36 * 25 = 9 KN
Since all the columns are of the same size the dead load remains the same for all columns.
Calculation for the Beam:-
{GROUND FLOOR BEAM PLAN}
{FIRST FLOOR BEAM PLAN}
Dead load of B1, B2, B3, B4, B18, B19 and B20:
Beam size = 0.3m * 0.45m
Length of beam B1 = 3m
Volume of concrete = 0.3 * 0.45 * 3.4 = 0.405 m^3
Unit weight of concrete = 25 KN/m^3
Dead load of Column = Volume of concrete * Unit weight of Concrete
= 0.405 * 25 = 10.13 KN
The self weight of beam B1 is 10.13KN
Since the beams B1, B2, B3, B4, B18, B19and B20 are the same size as B1, the self weight of each beam is same.
Dead load of B5, B6, B7, B8, B21, B22 and B23:
Beam size = 0.3m * 0.45m
Length of beam B5 = 3.7m
Volume of concrete = 0.3 * 0.45 * 3.7 = 0.5 m^3
Unit weight of concrete = 25 KN/m^3
Dead load of Column = Volume of concrete * Unit weight of Concrete
= 0.5 * 25 = 12.5 KN
The self weight of beam B1 is 12.5 KN
Since the beams B5, B6, B7, B8, B21, B22 and B23 are the same size as B5, the self weight of each beam is same.
Dead load of B9, B11, B12, B14, B15, B17, B24, B26 and B28:
Beam size = 0.3m * 0.45m
Length of beam B9 = 3.4m
Volume of concrete = 0.3 * 0.45 * 3.4 = 0.46 m^3
Unit weight of concrete = 25 KN/m^3
Dead load of Column = Volume of concrete * Unit weight of Concrete
= 0.46 * 25 = 11.5 KN
The self weight of beam B9 is 11.5 KN
Since the beams B9, B11, B12, B14, B15, B17, B24, B26 and B28 are the same size as B9, the self weight of each beam is same.
Dead load of B10, B13, B16, B25, B27 and B29:
Beam size = 0.3m * 0.45m
Length of beam B10 = 2.7m
Volume of concrete = 0.3 * 0.45 * 2.7 = 0.36 m^3
Unit weight of concrete = 25 KN/m^3
Dead load of Column = Volume of concrete * Unit weight of Concrete
= 0.36 * 25 = 9 KN
The self weight of beam B10 is 9 KN
Since the beams B10, B13, B16, B25, B27 and B29 are the same size as B10, the self weight of each beam is same.
Calculation for the Slab:-
Assuming the thickness of slab = 125mm
Unit weight of concrete = 25 KN/m^3
The self-weight of slab = Thickness of Slab * Unit weight of Concrete
= 0.125 * 25 = 3.125 KN/m^2
Calculation for the Wall:-
Assuming wall height = 4m, Thickness = 0.23m, Type of wall = Brick wall
Volume of Brick wall= 0.23 * 4 = 0.92 m^2
Unit weight of Brick wall= 20 KN/m^3
The wall on beam = Volume of wall* Unit weight of Concrete
= 0.92 * 20 = 18.4 KN/m
Live load calculation:
As per IS 875 part 2:-
Kitchen = 2 kN/m^2
Living room = 2kN/m^2
Toilet and bathroom = 2kN/m^2
Staircase = 3 kN/m^2
Puja = 2 kN/m^2
Balconies = 3 kN/m^2
Bedrooms = 2 kN/m^2
Lounge = 2kN/m^2
Wind load calculation:
With reference to IS 875 (Part-3), Wind load is calculated only if the height of building is greater than 10m, in this case height of the building is less than 10m. Thus Wind load is not considered in this case.