Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

Q1 Ans:

1. Parking Lamp

2. Tail Stop

3. Light Switch

4.Fuse

5.Plate Light

6. Battery

7. Ammeter

8. Starter

9. Breaker

10. Generator

11. Ignition Coil

12. Distributor

13. Foot Selector Stitch

14. Current And Voltage Regulator

15. Junction Block

Q2 Ans:

1. Battery : An electric vehicle battery is rechargeable battery used to power the electric motors of battery electric or hybrid elctrical vehicle. Lithium-ion batteries are specially designed for high electric charge capacity. Electric cars function by pluging into a charge point and taking eleectricity from the grid. They store electricity in rechargeable batteries that power an electric motor, which turns the wheels. Electric cars accelerate faster than vehicles with traditional fuel engines,so they feel lighter to drive.

The principle behind the lithium-ion battery is to circulate electrons by creating a difference in potential between two electrodes, one negative and the other positive, that are immersed in a conductive ionic liquid called the electrolyte. When the battery is powering a device, the electrons accumulate in the negative electrode are released via an external circuit to travel to the positive electode. This is the discharging phase. Conversely, when the battery is charging, the energy supplied by the charger sends the electrons back from the positive electrode to the negative electrode

2. Ammeter : It is an instrument for measuring either Direct (DC) or Alternating (AC) electric current, in amperes. An ammeter can measure a wide range of current values because at high values only a small portion of the current is directed through the meter mechanism, a shunt in parallel with the meter carries the major portion. An ammeter has a low resistance. The ammeter is connected in series with the load to measure the electric current flowing through it. As the ammeter has a very low resistance, therefore when it is connected in series with any circuit it does not change the current.

The working principle behind ammeter is when the ammeter is connected in series with the load, the same current flows through the ammeter that flows through the load, this is because the current in a series circuit remains same through all the circuit elements. Therefore, the deflection in the ammeter coil is according to the amount of load current. In such a way, the ammeter measures the load current in an electic circuit.

3. Fuse : The primary use of an elecrtric fuse is to protect electrical equipment from excessive current and to prevent short circuits or mismached loads. Electrical fuses plays a role of miniature circuit breakers. Apart from protecting equipment, they are also used as safety measures to prevent any safety hazards to humans.

The fuse wire in an electrical fuse is selected in such a way that it does not face any damage when the normally stipulated amount of current flows through the circuit. Under normal conditions, the fuse wire is a part of the circuitry, contributing to a complete loop for charges to flow through it. However, whan an excessive amount of current flows through the fuse wire, the heating effect of current causes wire to melt. This is because the fuse wire is chosen such that it has a low melting point. This causes the loop to break thereby stopping the flow of charges in the circuit.

Q3 Ans:

Total Load = 10A

to find Fuse Rating ?

Normaly car voltage is 30V

Power (KWatt) = Voltage (V) * Current (I)

P = V * I

P = 30 * 10

P = 300 KW

Fuse Rating (I) = (Power (KWatt)* 1.5 ) / Total Voltage (V)

I = (300*1.5)/30

I = 450/30

= 15A

15A should be the electric fuse rating. Always it should be more than actual total load

Q4 Ans :

Load = 500Watt

I = 10A #as per Q3

V of battery ?

Capacity ?

as,

Power = Voltage * Current

500 = V * 10

V = 50

Capacity of Battery (Ah) = Current (I) * Discharge Duration (T)

= 10*1

= 10 Ah

Q5 Ans:

Lights and Horn

Lights : In parallel connection of light , you no need to apply high voltage than the voltage of the individual light. Applying the same voltage as the light voltage rating can glow all the lamps connected to the circuit in parallel. The resistance of any individual lamp can not affect the whole circuit.

Horn : Horn are devices which are connected parallel with batteries so that it will have parallel switching. Horn and light is connected parallel with battery so when you connect the set of jumper cables to both batteries,there is a short which causes the alarm to sound.

Q6 Ans:

Ammeter And Battery

Ammeter : It is connected in series with no load to measure the electric current flowing through it. As the ammeter has low resistance, therefore when it is connected in series with any circuit it does not change the currrent.

Battery : Batteries are connected in series provides a higher system voltage resulting in a lower system current. Low current indicates that you can use thinner wiring and suffer less voltage drop in the system.