Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1.There are many elements represented in this automotive wiring circuit amongst which some of major elements are listed below. The elements have been divided into three main categories:-

a.)Power systems                            

• The battery                    
• The Starter
• The Genertor
• Distributor

b.)Control Systems

• Ammeter
• Fuse
• Breaker
• Distributor
• Current and voltage regulator
• Junction block
• Ignition Switch

c.)Auxillary Systems

• Ignition coil
• Gas tank unit
• Loads(here lamps and lights)
• Switches and horns etc

2.Amongst these major components three are explained below

a.The battery- The battery is regarded as the source of energy that acts as a reservior thst stores electrical energy.It is the battery to which the starter is connected that cranks the engine in order to start it from the idle phase.It also supplies power to othe elctrical components when the engine is not running.

b.The Starter-The starter is used in order to rotate the crank and start the engine from idle condition,it initiates engine operation under its own power.It consists of a DC Motor and a solenoid that is direct connected to the 12V battery of the automotive system the starter takes current directly from the battery and provides it to the powerful DC motor that in turn rotates the crank thereby initiating the combustion process in the engine.

c.Generator- The generator also known as the alternator that serves a primary purpose of keeping the battery charged and infact the majority of the power generated in the vehicle is generated by the alternator , it is driven by the crankshaft rotations using a belt drive system. The alternator consists of a  magnetic rotor and a stator that has wirings wound on it, it generates electricity when the magnetiv rotor rotates that changes the magnetic feild all together thereby inducing an emf in the stator colis thus producing current. 

3. In case of a total load of 10A from the battery the rating of the safety fuse which must be provided should lie between 15-20A as the rating of the fuse to be used must be between 150-200% of the original current value in which the battery works.The fuse thus acts as a safety device that avoids any harm to the circuit in case of a current surge or irregularities.

4.Given Power(P) required for load=500W

and Current(I)=10A

=>Voltage(V)=500W/10A  (as Power(P)=Voltage(V)*Current(I))

=>Voltage(V)=50V 

Now in order to find capacity of the battery to be recommended as we have no specific time value we assume C rate to be 1 thus the recommended battery will have a capacity of 10Amphr.

5.The components that are connected in parallel are:-

    a.)The voltage regulator(the part of the current and voltage regulator circuit that regulates the voltage)

    b.)The loads at the right most part of the cicuit i.e. the horn,parking light and the scalco beam are all connected using a            single connection through a junction block

these elements are connected in parallel in order to provide the same voltage across their terminals and to divide the curent according to the requirement of respective components.

6. The components that are connected in series are:-

     a.)The ammeter

     b.)The fuse

these elements are connected in series so that the same current value flows through these elements from the battery or source.