Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1.Identify each of major elements in the above wiring diagram

Answer:

• Battery
• Starter
• Gnerator
• Ammeter
• Distributer
• fuse
• Breaker
• Ignition coil
• Foot selection switch
• current& voltage regulator

2.Explain the purpose and working of any three elementsc

Answer:

Major three elements of circuit

1. Battery
2. Generator
3. Fuse

1.Battery

Purpose:

A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy the chemical energy reactions in a battery involve the flow one matterial (electrode) to another throught an external circuit the flow of electrons provides an electric current that can be used do work.

Working:

• Batteries hava a three parts, an anode(-), a cathode(+), and the electrolyte. the cathode and anode (the positive and negative sides at either end of a traditional battery) are hooked up to electrical circuit
• The chemical reactions in the battery causes a build up of electrons at the anode. This results in an electrical difference between the anode and the cathode. this difference as an unstable build-up of the electrons. The electrons wants to rearrange themselves to get rid of this difference. But they do this in a certain way. Electrons repel each other and try to go to a place with fewer electrons.
• In a battery, the only place to go is to the cathode. But, the electrolyte keeps the electrons from going straight from the anode to the cathode within the battery. When the circuit is closed (a wire connects the cathode and the anode) the electrons will be able to get to the cathode. In the picture above, the electrons go through the wire, lighting the light bulb along the way. This is one way of describing how electrical potential causes electrons to flow through the circuit.
• However, these electrochemical processes change the chemicals in anode and cathode to make them stop supplying electrons. So there is a limited amount of power available in a battery.
• When recharge a battery, change the direction of the flow of electrons using another power source.

2.Generator

Purpose:

a electric generator it converts mechanical energy to electricity for transmission and distribution over power lines to domestic, commercial, and industrial customers. Generators also produce the electrical power required for automobiles, aircraft, ships, and trains.

Working:

• An generator is a device which is used to produce electric energy, which can be stored in batteries or can be directly supplied to the homes, shops, offices, etc.
• Electric generators work on the principle of electromagnetic induction. A conductor coil (a copper coil tightly wound onto a metal core) is rotated rapidly between the poles of a horseshoe type magnet. The conductor coil along with its core is known as an armature.
• The armature is connected to a shaft of a mechanical energy source such as a motor and rotated. The mechanical energy required can be provided by engines operating on fuels such as diesel, petrol, natural gas, etc.

renewable energy sources such as a wind turbine, water turbine, solar-powered turbine, etc. When the coil rotates, it cuts the magnetic field which lies between the two poles of the magnet. The magnetic field will interfere with the electrons in the conductor to induce a flow of electric current inside it.

• The fuses work on the principle of the heating effect of the current. It’s made up of thin strip or strand of metallic wire with noncombustible material. This is connected between the ends of the terminals. Fuse is always connected in series with the electrical circuit.
• When the excessive current or heat is generated due to heavy current flows in the circuit, the fuse melts down due to the low melting point of the element and it opens the circuit. The excessive flow may lead to the breakdown of wire and stops the flow of current. The fuse can be replaced or changed with the new one with suitable ratings
• The fuse can be made up of the element like zinc, copper, silver &aluminum. They also act as a circuit breaker which is used to break the circuit when the sudden fault occurs in the circuit. This is not only a protector but it is also used as a safety measure to prevent humans from hazards.

3.If the total load is 10A from battery, what should be the fuse rating

Answer:

load = 10A

power=voltage*current

[for typical car battery voltage is 12v]

power=12*10

=120 watts

fuse rating is 25% more than actual power rating

power for fuse rating= 120*1.25

= 150 watts

i=p/v

=150/12

=12.5 A

Fuse rating for 10A load should be 12.5 A

4.If 500w is the load what is voltage and capacity of battery you recommanded

Answer:

power=voltage*current

[for recommended voltage is 12V]

500=12*current

current=500/12

=41.67A

Capacity=current*time

=41.67*1 hr

=41.67 Ah

5.Identify any two elements which are connected parallel to each other. Why they are connected in parallel

Answer:

Parallel connection

• Horn and beam connected parallel (if connected series is allways on )
• All Light Each light in a parallel circuit has its own circuit the individual currents add upto the total current. the voltage for each light is same as a opposed to a series circuit if one light malfunction in a parallel circuit ,the other light still light up

6.Identify any two elements which are connected in series. Why they are connected in series

Answer:

Series connection

• Battery Connected in series with high voltage to improve the drivability and energy efficiency.
• Statar Starter connected in series With Battery because same current Flows through them.