Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

PROJECT:

1. Major elements in the above automotive wiring diagram:

# Battery:

• An automotive battery or car battery is a rechargeable battery that is used to start a motor vehicle.
• battery use to store energy in dc. it convert chemichal energy to electrical energy. 12 v battery mostly used in vehicle.

# Starter:

• starter is a small motor, powered by the battery. It gets the engine of car running.
• A starter relay sits between the battery and the starter motor, transmitting power.

# Ignition coil:

• It's transforms the battery's voltage to the thousands of volts needed to create an electric spark in the spark plugs to ignite the fuel.
• The wire that goes from the ignition coil to the distributor. every iginition coil system required meechanical contact breaker points.

# Distributor:

• The distributor is tasked with receiving high voltage from the ignition coil to spark the individual spark plugs in proper firing sequence.

# Generator:

• Generator used in modern automobiles to charge the battery and to power the electrical system when its engine is running.

# Regulator:

• Regulator regulates the charging voltage that the generator produces.
• Keeping it between 13.5 to 14.5 volts to protect the electrical components throughout the vehicle.

# Fuse:

• Automotive fuses ae a class of fuses used to protect the wiring and electrical equipment for vehicles.

# Switch:

• Electric switch is a device that interrupts the electron flow in a circuit.
• when the switch is turned off, the circuit breaks and the power flow is interrupted.

# lights:

• Lighting circuit includes the wiring harness, all the lights and the various switches that control their use.

2. The purpose and working of the elements :

#Battery:

purpose:

• The first purpose of an auto battery is to provide power for starting your vechicle.
• battery its store energy and its provie electric flow to the other componets in cars where it required.

Working:

• A car battery uses lead-acid technology to turn chemical energy into electricity.
• it accomplishes this through the usage of cells,which contain and store the energy until needed
• the chemical reactions in a battery involve the flow of electrons from one material to anothers, through an external circuit.
• The flow of electrons provides an electric current that can be used to do work.

# Ignition coil:

purpose:

• Ignition coil acts like a transformer.
• The ignition coil transforms the electrical energy from the vechicle battery into high voltage.
• Saves it briefly and then emits it as a high voltage current pulse to the spark plug.

Working:

• Otto engines require an iginition spark in order to burn the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.
• This spark is produced on the spark plug.
• The required high voltage transforms the ignition coil from the battery's electrical energy and makes it available.

# Starter:

purpose:

• Starer is an electrical device.
• That used to rotate internal combustion engines so as to initiate the engine.

Working:

• Starter has a small starting gear. when you turn the key, engages the engine's flywheel.
• Then it delivers power, getting the engine rotating.
• This allows it to suck air and fuel into the cylinder and begin the combustion process that allows it to run on its own.

3. Fuse rating:

Given :

Total load current = 10 A

To find:

Fuse rating

Fuse rating should be in 125 - 130 % of the load current

from above,

Fuse rating 12 -13 A

4. Voltage and capacity of battery:

Given:

load p = 500 w

To find:

Voltage and capacity

from hint,

battery voltage = 12 v

P = V*I

I = P/V

I = 500/12 = 41.67 A

Capacity = Ampere hour

Capacity = 41.67 A hours

5. Two elements which are connected parallel to each other:

Horn part, parking lamp and bulb are connected parallelly with each other.

Reason:

• To operate seperately. because in series connection if one device fails the circuit is broken and also its not needed at same time.
• in parallel Constant voltage is maintain.

6. Two elements which are connected series to each other:

Ignition coil and distributor are connected in series

Reason:

• High voltage required for distributor so it connected serieslly.
• The ignition coil transforms the electrical energy from the vechicle battery into high voltage.