Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1)

The major elements in the given diagram are 

Battery, Generator, Starter Motor, Ignition Coil, Distributor, Circuit Breaker, Horn, Light

2)

Battery

Battery is the primary electrical source of the automobile. It powers all the electrical appliances like the horn, lights and even the ignition system of the vehicle 

Generator 

Generator is an alternator which is coupled directly to the engine and produces AC with respect to the engine speed. The generated AC is then rectified and used to charge the battery. 

Ignition Coil

Ignition Coil is nothing but a step up transformer which steps up the battery voltage of 12 V to around 1000V to be sent to the spark plug which is used to ignite the fuel in the combustion chamber.

3) 

Usually the fuse rating of any electrical circuit is considered to be 1.3 times the peak current. Hence in this case the fuse must be of 13A for a max load of 10 A 

4)

Power(P) = Voltage(v)* Current(I)

I=P/V

 = 500/12

 =41.66 A

Capacity of the battery = Current (I) * discharge time(t)

assuming the battery has to power the given load for 2 hours 

capacity of the battery = 41.66*2

                                  = 83.33 Ah

5)

The Current and Voltage Regulator circuit is connected in parallel with the battery. This is connected in parallel so that the generator recharges the battery. 

6)

The light switch, the two tail stop lights are connected in series. This is done so that a single switch can turn on and off both the lights.