Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

Q1.

      Major elements in the automotive wiring diagram is :

• Battery
• Starter
• Generator
• Distributor
• Fuse
• Horn
• Ignition coil
• Gas tank
• Voltage and current regulator
• Switch
• Lamps
• Ground

Q2.

    Purpose and working of three elements that is in automotive wire diagram

• Battery :

                   Purpose : The main purpose of the battery is to provide an electric current to the electric-powered starting motor, which in turn starts the chemically powered ICE engine that propels the vehicle. It also acts as a surge protector for the vehicle computer and provide power for short term use of things like lights, GPS, stereo and wipers when the engine is off.

                   A battery holds some of the vehicle most essential function like Engine starter, Help to the ignition system, Sustainer, Alternator and Voltage regulator.

                   Working : A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it in to a electrical energy. The flow of the electrons through a conductive path like a wire, that path is called a circuit. So as we know battery have three path an anode(-), cathode(+) and the electrolyte(Aq soln). The cathode and anode( Positive and Negative side at the end terminal) are hooked up to an electrical circuit.

                                 The chemical energy of the battery cause a buildup of electrons at the anode and this result in an electrical difference between anode and cathode. So that electron repel to each other and try to go to a fewer elecron side that is there cathode through circuit and for completing the circuit that electron should go to at anode side from aquous solution. this is how electron/ current flow through circuit and complete the cycle.But when the recharge the batttery, direction of flow of electron should have to change using other power source such as solar panel, through vehicle wheel braking or accelerating and many other way.

• Generator :

                  Purpose : The generator generates electricty to recharge the battery and power all the electrical equipment in the vehicle. It transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy.

                  Working : Electric generator (Dynamo) work on the principle of electromagnetic induction.It is able to produce electricity trouugh it's rotation.A conductor coil tighttly wound on a metal core is rotate rapidely between the poles of a magnet. The conductor coil along with it core is known as armature. the armature is connected to a shaft of a mechanical energy source such as a motor and rotated. The current and voltage produced depends on the speed at which the wire/armature spin and the strength of magnetic field.

• Fuse :

                    Purpose : As we seen in daily life or in newspeppar, due to electricity, there has been a hazardous situation at some places. So we have to tackle those situation.That is the reasion to take step toward safety devices like fuse etc.

                                  Electric fuse is a safety device which limits the current flowing in an electric circuit. When the current in the circuit increased beyond the limit, fuse burns and it saves the different elctrical appliances.It work as a circuit breaker.

                    Working : Electric fuse work on the principle of heating effect of the electric current. It is construct thin metalic wire with a low melting point. If a high amount of electricity is passed from the electric fuse so there is a increase in heat which couse the fuse to melt which means circuit is open now and current doesn't flow through it.Once the fuse is melt, it can be change or replaced with other fuse. 

Q3. 

      If the total load is 10A from battery, what should be the fuse rating?

           If the total load is 10A from the battery, So we have to keep in mind fuse current rating must be more than 10A but not far higher like do not took more than 12A current becouse of if we took more that 12A. So if high current flow through the circuit  fuse may not break and could be whole electrical appliences burns So that, this is not acceptable .

Q4.   

      If 500W is the load, what is the voltage and capacity of battery you recommend?

           If the load is 500W, So It totaly depends on how much voltage you have or taken from the electric source. So as of now we took 12V source.

          From the power formula,

                             P = V * I

                         500 = 12 * I

                            I  =  500 / 12

                            I  =  41.67 amp

           So we get the current(I) is 41.67 amperes  from the 12V source and 500W power.

           Which means if we use that battery for one day

                                  Day = 24 hr

            From capacity formula,

                             capacity = current * time

                                          =  41.67 * 24 Ah

                                          =  1000.08 Ah

            Or for a month ( i.e 720 Hr)

                              capacity  = 41.67 * 720 Ah

                                            =  30002.4 Ah

   So For load is 500W, 12V battery pack and for use of month, I would recommend approx 30 kAh or 30002.4 Ah.

Q5.

     Two element which are connected in parallel  are lamp and horn

      So these electrical appliences are connected in parallel so that the failure of one element will not affect the other while they recieve same voltage.

Q6.

     Two element are in series are ammeter and starter.

Ammeter is connected in series becouse of current in series is constant and ammeter is measured current flow through circuit and second one is starter which is connected in series with motor armature winding across the circuit and restricte the current to an acceptable level, it also start the flow of current through a battery.