Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1. Identify each of the major elements in the above automotive wiring diagram. 

Ans : 1.Distributor  2. Ignition coil  3.Ignition switch  4.Starter  5. Battery  6.Fuel gauge  7.Ammeter  8.Horn  9.Horn switch

        10.Junction block  11.Generator  12.Gas tank unit  12.Fuse  13. Current voltage regulator

2. Explain the purpose and working of any three elements briefly.

Ans :

        1.Distributor :

                 Distributor is the component of ignition system and an enclosed rotating shaft used in spark ignition internal (S.I) combustion engine. The main function of distributor is to supply the ignition current to the combustion chamber of engine cylinder's in order to correct firing order.

    A distributor is an enclosed rotating switch used in spark-ignition internal combustion engines that have mechanically timed ignition. The distributor's main function is to route high voltage current from the ignition coil to the spark plugs in the correct firing order, and for the correct amount of time.

       2.Ignition coil :

                    An ignition coil (also called a spark coil) is an induction coil in an automobile's ignition system  that transforms the battery's voltage to the thousands of volts needed to create an electric spark in the spark plugs to ignite the fuel. Some coils have an internal resistor, while others rely on a resistor wire or an external resistor to limit the current flowing into the coil from the car's 12-volt supply. The wire that goes from the ignition coil to the distributor and the high voltage wires that go from the distributor to each of the sparkplugs are called spark plug wires or high tension leads. Originally, every ignition coil system required mechanical contact breaker points and a capacitor (condenser). More recent electronic ignition systems use a power transistor to provide pulses to the ignition coil. A modern passenger automobile may use one ignition coil for each engine cylinder (or pair of cylinders), eliminating fault-prone spark plug cables and a distributor to route the high voltage pulses.

Ignition systems are not required for diesel engines which rely on compression to ignite the fuel/air mixture.

        3.starter : 

                       A starter is a device used to rotate (crank) an internal-combustion engine so as to initiate the engine's operation under its own power.

                                       

 

                        The starter motor is responsible for turning the engine over during ignition and allowing everything else to happen. When you turn the ignition on, the starter motor engages and turns the engine over allowing it to suck in air.

 

                        Once the flywheel/motor unit has reached a constant speed the current to the motor is turned off and the drive between the motor and flywheel is disengaged by a freewheel mechanism. The spinning flywheel is then connected to the main engine and its inertia turns it over to start it.

 

3.If the total load is 10A from battery, what should be the fuse rating?

Ans :

 

       Fuse Rating = ( Power / Voltage ) x 1.25

                

             here current = 10A

    so 

           Fuse Rating = 10 A x 1.25

                             = 12.5 A

                here we got the value as 12.5A but it is advisable to use 15A fuse because 12.5A fuses will not be available.

   

       If the total load is 10A from battery,  the fuse rating is 15A

 

4.If 500W is the load, what is the voltage and capacity of battery you recommend?

Ans :  

              Power = 500W

              Voltage = 12V

       Capacity = Power / Voltage

                    = 500/12 = 41.66 A

        when we multiply it with time we will get battery capacity = 41.66A*1hr

                                                                                            = 41.66Ah

                 

                    Capacity of the battery is 41.66Ah

 

 

5.Identify any two elements which are connected parallel to each other. Why they are connected in parallel?

Ans : 

     1. PLATE LIGHT

     2. DOME LGHT

                Here Plate light and dome light are connected parallel to each other. because the voltage, or potential difference, across each branch of a parallel circuit is the same, but the currents may vary.

 

 

6.Identify any two elements which are connected in series. Why they are connected in series?

Ans : 

      1.STARTER

      2.IGNITION COIL

  Here Starter and Ignition coil are connected in series each other. A series circuit has the same current at all points in the circuit. The voltage drops across each component in the circuit sum to the source voltage