Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit
1.Identify each of the major elements in the above automotive wiring diagram.
solution;
- GENERATOR
- BATTERY
- DISTRIBUTOR
- STARATER
- IGNITION SWITCH
- BREAKER
- AMMETER
2.Explain the purpose and working of any three elements briefly.
GENERATOR:
The generator is a major element it's basic principle is to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. It is a machine that produces electric energy in the form of voltage nd current. It produces electricity based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. This law says that wherever a conductor is put among a varifying magnetic field, the electromagnetic flux is induced.
There are two different types of generators known as (AC) Alternating Current, (DC)Direct Current.
Generator produces electricity by capturing the power of motion and turning it into electrical energy by forcing electron for the external source through an electrical circuit. A generator is essentially an electrical motor working in reverse.
There are nine parts to a generator and they play a role in getting power to where it is needed most. The parts of a generator are;
- Engine
- Alternator
- Fuel System
- Voltage Regulator
- Cooling and Exhaust Systems
- Lubrication System
- Battery Charger
- Control Panel
BATTERY:
A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy. The chemical reactions in a battery involve the flow of electrons from one material(electrode) to another ,through an external circuit. The flow of electron provides an electric current that can be used to do work. To balance the flow of electrons, charged ions also flow through an electrolyte solution that is in contact with both electrodes. Different electrodes and electrolytes produces different chemical reactions that affect how the battery works, how much energy it can store and its voltage.
Batteries are classified into two categories those are primary batteries and secondary batteries, primary batteries can be charged only once when these batteries are completely discharged,they become useless. Secondary batteries are can be charged and resumed many times the electrochemical reactions that takes place inside these batteries are reversible.
Examples;
Primary Batteries; zinc-carbon cells,alkaline zinc - maganese dioxide cells.
Secondary Batteries; lead acid,lithium-ion,nickel-cadmium.
STARTER:
A starter is an electrical device that can be used to rotate(crank)internal combution engines so as to initiate the engine's operation under its own power. As soon as the engine begins to run, it got disconnect from the engine,which now relies on the combution process. The component is mounted on the engine's gearbox housing,and the starter motor gear meets flywheel's teeth.
There are some types of motors manual strater,magnetic starter,star delta starter,etc two major parts of a starter include an electromagnetic field and a rotating armature.
3.If the total load is 10A from battery, what should be the fuse rating?
data given;
load of the battery =10A
power(P) = 500Watts
P=V*I
V=P/I
V=500/10
V=50
fuse rating = watt\voltage
fuse rating =500/50
fuse rating =10A
4.If 500W is the load, what is the voltage and capacity of battery you recommend?
data given;
power(P) =500watts
current(I) =10A
voltage (V) = 12v
battery capacity is c=wh/I
time duration; time(T)=24hr
c=24*500/12
c=1000Ah.
5.Identify any two elements which are connected parallel to each other. Why they are connected in parallel?
solution;
The beam of lights and tail stop lights are connected in parallel because the voltage remains the same across the bulb.
6.Identify any two elements which are connected in series. Why they are connected in series?
solution;
Ammeter and Battery are connected in series because the current remains the same .