Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit
Q.1 Identify each of the major elements in the above automotive wiring diagram.
Answer-
1)Battery
2)Starter
3)Generator
4)Ignition coil
5)Ammeter
6)Breaker
7)Fuse
8)Foot selector switch
9)Current and voltage regulator.
Q.2 Explain the purpose and working of any three elements briefly.
Answer-
i) Battery- It is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
purpose- It stores the energy and this energy is used for any mechanical application.
following are the applications of batteries.
- Automotive
- Health Instruments
- Medical
- Mobile Phone
- Laptop
- Military
Working -
In Electric vehicles, Battery is commonly used. This battery is used for giving power to the electric motors of electric vehicles. The batteries used in electric vehicles are usually rechargeable. Generally, lithium-ion batteries are used in electric vehicles.
The battery is consist of an anode, cathode & electrolyte. Due to the chemical reaction in the battery the flow of electrons from anode to cathode. And this flow of electrons provides an electric current that can be used for work.
ii) Generator- A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Generators also produce the electrical power required for
- automobile
- ships
- trains
Working -
A generator does not actually produce electrical energy. Instead, it uses the mechanical energy supplied to it to force the movement of electric charges present in the wire of its windings through an external electric circuit. This flow of electric charges constitutes the output electric current supplied by the generator. Now a day generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
ex. In a dam, a huge amount of water is present if those water flows and strikes a turbine then the turbine rotates due to the water, and the generator is connected to the turbine due to this electricity produced.
iii) Fuse-
purpose-
The fuse breaks the circuit if a fault in an appliance causes too much current to flow. This protects the wiring and the appliance if something goes wrong. The fuse contains a piece of wire that melts easily. If the current going through the fuse is too great the wire heats up until it melts and breaks the circuit. following are the uses of fuse-
- The fuse prevents short circuits.
- Prevents device failure due to faulty circuit operation.
- prevents damage that is caused due to mismatched loads.
- Acts as a barrier between the electric circuit and the human body.
Working -
The fuses work on the principle of the heating effect of the current. The fuse is always connected in series with the electrical circuit.
When the excessive current is generated due to heavy current flows in the circuit, the fuse melts down due to the low melting point of the element and it opens the circuit. Excessive flow may lead to the breakdown of wire and stops the flow of current. The fuse can be replaced with the new one with suitable ratings. The fuse can be made up of elements like copper &aluminum. They also act as a circuit breaker which is used to break the circuit when a sudden fault occurs in the circuit. This is not only a protector but it is also used as a safety measure to prevent humans from hazards. So this is how the fuse operates.
Q.3 If the total load is 10A from the battery, what should be the fuse rating?
Answer-
Given Data-
Total load (I)=10A
Voltage(V)= 12V
Find fuse rating (P)=?
We know that,
Power(P)= Voltage(V)* Current(I)
= 12*10
Fuse Rating(P) = 120 watt...................... Ans
Q.4 If 500W is the load, what is the voltage and capacity of the battery you recommend?
Answer-
Given Data-
Load(P)= 500W
Current(I)=10A (Take from the previous question)
i) Find Voltage(V)=?
We know that,
Power(P)= Voltage(V)* Current(I)
Voltage(V)= Power(P)/ Current(I)
=500/10
Voltage(V)= 50 V.................Ans
ii) Find Capacity (C)=?
we know that,
Capacity (C)= Current (I)* Time(T)
(Here ,assume Time (T)= 3 hr)
= 10*3
Capacity (C)= 30 Ah................Ans
So, recommend voltage and capacity of the battery are 50V & 30Ah.
Q.5 identifies any two elements which are connected parallel to each other. Why they are connected in parallel?
Answer-
As Shown in the above image, Horn and all Light are connected parallel to each other. because they have the same difference in voltage across their ends. The voltage differences across the components are the same in magnitude, and they also have identical polarities.
Q.6 Identify any two elements which are connected in series. Why they are connected in series?
Answer-
As Shown in the above image, Battery and Ammeter are connected series.
Battery-Connected in series with high voltage to improve the drivability and energy efficiency.
Ammeter -The ammeter is a device measuring the current in the circuit, hence it is connected in series so that the same current that is there in the circuit flows through it and gets measured.