Project 3
1. Make a report on Automotive Technologies and there use in industry
Automotive Technologies
The automotive sector is one which have incorporated so many advancements from technology to improve its functionality and technology. The first cars were powered by steam engines.Later these give way to Internal combustion engines because they have better power to weight ratio.Then in between the electric vehicles tried to do their part in the industry,but the technology at that time did not allow them to come into the forefront.The advantageous of IC engine cars was more power,more mileage,and easy to maintain and refueling was also very easy and less time consuming.But today as we see the industry is again welcoming the electric technology as the battery,motor and electronics technology is becoming more advanced and ar in par with Internal combustion engines or even better in terms of power.The only drawback the electric now has is the high cost and high charging time.But it will also come down in the years to come as research around the world is happening in a very high pace.Other technologies also entered into the auto sector on the way.The advancement in technology always fuelled more advancements in the auto sector as a whole.
Technologies in the Auto Industry
1.Electric vehicles.
Electric vehicles are a good way of transportation as the battery and motor technologies are improving. The pace is increasing as more people are opting for electric vehicles as environmental concerns are increasing day by day.The improvement in charging infrastructure is also accelerates the adoption of EV’s more into the sector.
2.Hybrid vehicles.
Hybrid vehicles are vehicles which can run on electric and gasoline or diesel or any other fuel.Its is a combination of an IC engine vehicle and an electric vehicle.The advantageous of a hybrid is less dependence on fossil fuel and more economy at the same time.
3.Hydrogen vehicles.
Hydrogen vehicles use hydrogen as fuel.Mainly there is two ways of using hydrogen as fuel.Either in an internal combustion engine or in a hydrogen fuel cell and thereby generating electricity for a motor which propels the vehicle.
4.Synthetic fuels:
Liquid or gaseous fuel derived from a source such as coal, shale oil, tar sands, or biomass, used as a substitute for oil or natural gas.It has approximate specific energy and composition as like other fuels.Synthetic, or carbon-neutral, fuels capture CO₂ in the manufacturing process. In this way, this greenhouse gas becomes a raw material, from which gasoline, diesel, and substitute natural gas can be produced with the help of electricity from renewable sources.
5.Battery swapping technology
The battery swapping technology is an emergency technology in the electric two wheeler sector.The batteries are stored in a place.There they are charged to their capacity.When someone with a scooter with the battery near empty,They can just put their batteri in the rack for charging and take the fully charged ones.Most of these charging stations works on solar.So these are also environmentally friendly.
6.Different battery technology like Solidstate batteries, Lithiun sulphur batteries etc.
There are different battery technologies also like Lithium sulphur batteries,Solid state batteries,Sodium ion batteries,Lithium tungsten battries, Zinc-Manganese oxide batteries.etc.All of these batteries are better than the currently famous lithium ion batteries in charging time, cycling numbers and specific capacity also.
7.Autonomous vehicles
Autonomous vehicles , As the name suggest can drive on its own by taking decisions in the central computer.All the major car manufacturers like Tesla, Audi,Mercedez etc are working to improve their current level of automation.Most of these systems work by reading road signs using certain sensors such as Lidars od Image processiong cameras as in Teslas.Lets hope one day they will drive on their own.
8.ADAS
ADAS stands for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems.ADAS technology enables cars to take actions similar to a driver – sensing weather conditions, detecting objects on the road – and make decisions in real time to improve safety. ADAS features can include automatic emergency braking, driver monitoring, forward collision warning and adaptive cruise control.
9.Lane assist.
Many accidents on the open road happen because of drivers being tired or temporarily distracted and drifting out of their lane.This feature will prevent your car from going off the road.This feature relies on painted lane markings to operate. These include the markings between lanes and along the edges of the road. Some versions of this feature may also help prevent you from driving off the road.
10.Development in new motor technologies like Axial flux motors.
There are new motor technologies that can revolutionize the Electric vehicle industry.These motors are more efficient than the previous ones and camn improve the range of the electric vehicles.Other motors inclure trapezoidal stator radial flux(TSRF) and the reluctance motor design of the Tesla and the Ola scooters.
11.New lighting technologies like Led lights.
The new lighting trend in the Automotive industry include Laser lights as in BMW i8 and Audi R8 LMX, µAFS LED headlights, Bend lighting headlamps, Flexible OLED for vehicle lighting etc.These can analyze driving and weather conditions continuously. these headlights take adaptive forward lighting to a new dimension.
12.New materials for engines and body
New materials for engines and body of automobiles like aluminium and its alloys and carbon fiber materials are in the forefront to improve efficiency and Range of both electric and conventional autommobiles.These are accelerated by new machining methods also like CNC and Additive manufacturing.The additive manufacturing is now applied to manufacture pistons to reduce the total inertia of the engine components.15.Sensors for measuring the body roll, pitch and yaw motion of the automobile.
2. Make all the components of interior like Steering, door panel etc.
